٢٩٨ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧی، دوره۵ ، ﺷﻤﺎره ﭘﯿﺎﭘﯽ١١ ، ١٣٩۴ ، ٣٠۶ - ٢٩٨ *اﻟﻬﻪ اﺳﺘﻮی، ١ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠی ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﺰاده، ٢ ﻣﻬﻨﺎز ﺧﺴﺮوﺟﺎوﯾﺪ، ٣ اﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻮی ﺳﯿﺪ وﻟی ۴ *Elahe Ostavi, 1 Abbas Ali Hossein Khanzadeh, 2 Mahnaz Khosrojavid, 3 Seyed Valiallah Mousavi 2 ١ . ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳی ارﺷﺪ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی ﻋﻤﻮﻣی، داﻧﺸگﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﯾﺮان؛٢ . دﮐﺘﺮا ی رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳ ی و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧ ﯿ ﺎزﻫﺎ ی و ﯾ ﮋه ، داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی، داﻧﺸکﺪه ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧی، داﻧﺸگﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﯾﺮان؛٣ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی، اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی، . دﮐﺘﺮای داﻧﺸکﺪه ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧی، داﻧﺸگﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﯾﺮان؛۴ . دﮐﺘﺮای رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی، داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی، داﻧﺸکﺪه ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧی، داﻧﺸگﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، رﺷﺖ، اﯾﺮان. *آدرس ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل : ﮔﯿﻼن، رﺷﺖ، داﻧﺸگﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن، ﮔﺮوه رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳی ﻋﻤﻮﻣی؛ *راﯾﺎﻧﺎﻣﻪ: elaheostavi@yahoo.com 1. MSc of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; 2. PhD in Psychology & Education of Exceptional Children, Associate Prof., Psychology Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; 3. PhD in Psychology, Assistant Prof., Psychology Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; 3. PhD in Psychology, Associate Prof., Psychology Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. *Corresponding Author Address: Psychology Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; *Email: elaheostavi@yahoo.com Effect of Befriending Skills Training on Increasing Social Behaviors in Children with Autism ﺗﺄﺛ ﯿ ﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎ ی دوﺳﺖ ﯾ ﺎﺑ ﯽ در اﻓﺰا ﯾ ﺶ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل اوﺗ ﯿ ﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ Original Article Abstract Objective: Children with autism spectrum disorder make up a group of children with special needs, who are confronted with various problems in social skills, especially in making friends. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of Befriending Skills Training (BST) on improving social behaviors in children with autism. Methods: A pretest-posttest control group design was used. The study population consisted of 5 to 7 year old autistic children living in Karaj, Iran, in the 2013-14 school year. A total of 22 children, who met the inclusion criteria, in the study were recruited using random sampling procedures and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Care was taken to recruit autistic children with minimal social behavior for training. The data collection instruments used in this study were as follows: the Autism- Spectrum Quotient (AQ) designed by Auyeung, Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright and Ellison (2008) and the Social Behavior Questionnaire (Teacher Version) developed by Usher and Cassidy (1992). The experimental group received 10 sessions of Befriending Skills Training over 5 weeks including befriending strategies, maintaining friendship skills. A descriptive analysis of the data, namely, mean and standard deviation was obtained for data analysis . Results: The results show that Befriending Skills Training reduces shyness and seclusion in shy/withdrawn children with autism (p<0.001), but it has no impact on improving their prosocial behavior (p<0.11), or reducing their aggressive (p<0.07), and disruptive (p<0.12) behaviors. Conclusion: It was concluded that Befriending Skills Training reduces shyness and seclusion in shy/withdrawn children with autism. Therefore, this program can be used in designing intervention programs by professionals and educators. Keywords: Autism, Befriending skills, Social behavior ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻫﺪف: در ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫـﺎی وﯾـﮋه، ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑـﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل ﻫـﺎی ﻃﯿـﻒ اوﺗﯿﺴـﻢ، در ﻣﻬﺎرت اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋی و ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﺎی وﯾﮋه در ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎی دوﺳـﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺸـکﻼت ﻓﺮاواﻧـی دارﻧـﺪ. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﻣـﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫـﺎی دوﺳـﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ در اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋی ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳی : ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع آزﻣﺎﯾﺸی اﺳـﺖ و از ﻃـﺮح ﭘـﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎری اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺗﻤﺎﻣی ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اوﺗﯿﺴـﻢ ﺳـﻨﯿﻦ۵ ﺗـﺎ٧ ﺳﺎل ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮج در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠی٩٣ - ٩٢ ﺑـﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ٢٢ ﻧﻔﺮ از اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷ ﺮاﯾﻂ ورود ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻮد ﮐـﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓی اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ دو ﮔـﺮوه آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺟﻤﻊ آوری داده ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺼﺎدﻓی ﺟﺎﯾﺪﻫی ﻫﺎ در اﯾـﻦ آﯾﻮﻧﮓ. ﺑﺎرون) ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻬﺮ- ﮐﻮﻫﻦ، وﯾـﻞ راﯾـﺖ و اﻟﯿﺴﻮن،٢٠٠٨ (ﻓـﺮم ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ) و ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ رﻓﺘـﺎر اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋی( آﺷــﺮ و ﮐﺎﺳــﺪی،) ١٩٩٢ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪ. در اﯾــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﮔــﺮوه( آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﻃـی١٠ ﺟﻠﺴـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪت۵ ﻫﻔﺘـﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫـﺎی دوﺳـﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﻣﻮزش داده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎی ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤک ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارspss ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و از روش اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃی ﺗﺤﻠ ﯿﻞ ﮐﻮارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ : ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎی دوﺳـﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺧﺠﺎﻟﺖ/ ﮐﻨﺎره ﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ ) ٠٫٠٠١ < p ) اﻣـــﺎ در ﺗﻌـــﺎون اﺟﺘﻤـــﺎﻋی( ٠٫١١ < p ، ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷـــگﺮی( ) ٠٫٠٧ < p ) و ﻣﺰاﺣﻤـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋی( ٠٫١٢ < p آﻧـﺎن ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮی ﻧﺪاﺷـﺘﻪ( اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠ ﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی : ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣی دﻫـﺪ ﮐـﻪ آﻣـﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎی دوﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﻮﺷـﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﻮدﮐـﺎن ﻣﺒـﺘﻼ ﺑـﻪ اوﺗﯿﺴـﻢ ﻣی ﺷـﻮد، ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣی ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣـی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪاﺧﻠـ ﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ و ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﺑگﯿﺮد. ﮐﻠﯿﺪواژه ﻫﺎ : اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ، ﻣﻬﺎرت دوﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ، رﻓ ﺘﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋی