EuroMed J. Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2018 315
Copyright © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Lebanon and tourism: coastal encroachment:
case of Byblos beaches
Ribal Rizk* and Raffi Der Vartanian
Al Kafaat University,
Ain Saadeh, Beirut, Lebanon
Email: rizkribal@hotmail.com
Email: raffidervartanian@gmail.com
*Corresponding author
Abstract: Lebanon is well known for its coastal tourism. Having coasts over
220 m all along the Mediterranean Sea made the country an attractive
destination for tourists from all around the world. However, several factors had
affected the Lebanese coastal tourism. This article is targeted towards the
Lebanese Government and its attitude. In addition, it aims to shed light on
encroachments carried out by some touristic property ‘owners’ on the Lebanese
coast. Furthermore; this article will study the link between these encroachments
and the Lebanese Government’s centralised structure, lack of tourism planning
or ‘Boosterism’ and corruption. Particularly Byblos city was selected for
fieldwork. After data collection and analysis, a conclusion was drawn regarding
these encroachments. New ideas were raised, such as coastal tourism
management, empowerment of municipalities and governance principals as a
way out.
Keywords: coastal tourism; encroachments; centralisation; corruption;
boosterism; Byblos, Lebanon; public and private sectors; tourism planning;
government.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Rizk, R. and
Der Vartanian, R. (2018) ‘Lebanon and tourism: coastal encroachment: case of
Byblos beaches’, EuroMed J. Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.315–328.
Biographical notes: Ribal Rizk holds a PhD in Economics from the Doctoral
School of Law, Political, Administrative and Economic Sciences of the
Lebanese University. She obtained her Master’s degree in Finance from Saint
Joseph University Faculty of Economics. She is currently the Head of the
Finance Department at Ghassan Barraj Business School in Al Kafaat University
and has been teaching several courses in economics and finance at Al Kafaat
University since 2012.
Raffi Der Vartanian is a PhD student at the Lebanese University, Doctoral
School of Law, Political, Administrative and Economic Sciences. He was
MRes graduate student from Lebanese University Faculty of Tourism and
Hospitality Management. In addition, he is an Instructor at Al Kafaat
University, teaching several courses related to hospitality, tourism, and
economics.