SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732 Bisen et al., 2024 DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.3.12 Copyright © 2024| SSR-IIJLS by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 10 | Issue 03 | Page 5486 Biomarkers Analysis of COVID-19 Patients: Lessons Learnt from the Deadly Pandemic Varad Vardhan Bisen 1 , Shalini Upadhyay 2* , Manisha Patel 3 , Aditi Singh 4 1 Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, A.S.J.S.A.T.D.S. Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, A.S.J.S.A.T.D.S. Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, A.S.J.S.A.T.D.S. Medical College, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 4 Associate Professor, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Shalini Upadhyay, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, A.S.J.S.A.T.D.S. Medical College, Allipur, Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh-212601, India E-mail: shalini.upd@gmail.com Received: 06 Jan 2024/ Revised: 25 Mar 2024/ Accepted: 08 Apr 2024 ABSTRACT Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) manifests as inflammation, leading to a raised level of associated biomarkers, which assists in risk stratification. We investigated the correlation between demography and biomarkers, namely, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), and serum ferritin with prognosis among COVID-19 patients. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted on COVID-19 patients amidst the second wave of the pandemic. IL-6, PCT, serum ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer levels were analyzed among patients diagnosed as COVID-positive by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result: Out of 1663 patients included in this study, 65% were males, with the median age of the study population being 48 years. The mean levels of IL-6, ferritin, CRP, and PCT were significantly raised in the older age group (47-95 years) than the younger population (4-46 years), whereas D-dimer was found to be raised in all age groups. The mortality rate was 5% (median age- 59 years), with males showing high severity and a mortality rate 67.4%. Conclusion: Evaluating and tracking the biomarkers at the outset of the disease has been proven to give a substantial edge in assessing disease prognosis and preventing mortality. Henceforth, they become the guiding force for management strategies in this era of precision medicine. Key-words: Coronavirus, Immunosenescence, Inflammation, Precision medicine, Prognostic markers INTRODUCTION The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) has brought myriad challenges to clinical and diagnostic communities. Even though Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted through the respiratory route, it eventually produces multisystem havoc, a cumulative outcome of the coagulative, immunological, and inflammatory cascades. The only constant with COVID-19 is change in How to cite this article Bisen VV, Upadhyay S, Patel M, Singh A. Biomarkers Analysis of COVID-19 Patients: Lessons Learnt from the Deadly Pandemic. SSR Inst Int J Life Sci., 2024; 10(3): 5486-5491. Access this article online https://iijls.com/ the form of mutations, variants, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. [1,2] Biomarkers have aided early suspicion, classification based on severity, yardstick for hospitalization, risk categorization, ICU admission criteria, rationalizing pertinent therapies, response to therapies, prognosis, and discharge. [3-5] Augmented inflammatory response of the body reflected in the raised values of various laboratory biomarkers has been relied upon for deciding personalized management protocols. [6-8] During the pandemic, every wave presented the healthcare system with newer challenges of rising infection rates and varying severity. Despite the vast literature database available, treating clinicians require updated facts from time to time to offer the optimum care at the bedside. This article aims to assess levels of Research Article