SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732 Rawat et al., 2024 DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.3.8 Copyright © 2024| SSR-IIJLS by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 10 | Issue 03 | Page 5456 Determining PDL-1 Receptor Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma with Various Clinicoetiopathological Correlation: A Large Central India Study Shyamji Rawat 1* , Mishi Tiwari 2 , Rahul R Verma 2 , Rajesh Jain 3 , Lalit Mohan Patel 4 1 Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur (M.P), India 2 Senior Resident, Dept of Radiation Oncology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur (M.P), India 3 Associate Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur (M.P), India 4 Assistant Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur (M.P), India *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Shyamji Rawat, Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, C-20, Main Road Near Gurukul School Dhanwantry Nagar, Jabalpur (M.P), India E-mail: drshyamjirawat@yahoo.co.in Received: 14 Dec 2023/ Revised: 17 Feb 2024/ Accepted: 23 Mar 2024 ABSTRACT Background: A multi-institutional study estimated that 65% of new head and neck cancers with locally advanced disease did not receive the benefit of optimal treatment, resulting in poor survival. The monoclonal antibodies anti-programmed death protein-1 (anti–PD–1) nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the first immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) approved for the treatment of platinum-refractory HNSCC recurrent/metastatic (R/M). Methods: More than a hundred blocks were collected, verified, sampled and sent for receptor status study. Results were analyzed and interpreted according to positivity for gender, locality, association with addiction history and site-wise distribution of primary cancer. Results: PDL1 receptor status was analyzed in females and males based on biopsy tissue blocks from head and neck cancer patients. Among 100 blocks, 27% were from females and 73% from males. Approximately 70% of females and 65.75% of males showed positive PDL1 receptor status, with variations observed across anatomical sites. Negative expression ranged from 26% in females to 31.5% in males. The distribution of PDL1 expression across different anatomical sites revealed varying patterns, providing insights for potential immunotherapy strategies. Conclusion: Conclusion: As compared to one of the largest sample sized studies of the European continent, the difference in the clinicopathological features can be attributed majorly to differences in the etiological factors as HPV infection dominates in the European continent while in the Indian and central Indian subcontinent per say, this can be attributed to tobacco chewing. Key-words: International Agency for Research on Cancer, PDL1 Receptor, Head and Neck Cancers INTRODUCTION The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates that globally, 1 in 5 people develop cancer during their lifetime, and 1 in 8 men and 1 in 11 women die from the disease. These new estimates suggest that How to cite this article Rawat S, Tiwari M, Verma RR, Jain R, Patel LM. Determining PDL-1 Receptor Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma with Various Clinicoetiopathological Correlation: A Large Central India Study. SSR Inst Int J Life Sci., 2024; 10(3): 5456-5462. Access this article online https://iijls.com/ more than 50 million people are living within five years of a past cancer diagnosis. Globally, ageing populations and socio-economic risk factors remain among the primary factors driving this increase [1] . Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent the sixth most common type of cancer, with 830,000 new cases and around 430,000 deaths each year worldwide [2] . The projected number of patients with cancer in India is 1,392,179 for the year 2020, and the common 5 leading sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue. Trends in cancer incidence rate showed an increase in all sites of cancer in both sexes [3] . HNSCC is a spectrum of malignancies arising from the mucosal lining of the upper Research Article