A Human-AI Framework to Design Collaborative Cyber Physical Systems Artem A. Nazarenko 1,2 , Luis M. Camarinha-Matos 1 1 School of Sciences and Technology, CTS-UNINOVA and LASI, Nova University Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte Caparica, Portugal 2 Chair of IT Security, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 5, 03046 Cottbus, Germany a.nazarenko@campus.fct.unl.pt, lcm@fct.unl.pt Abstract. The ongoing digitalization processes across various fields present challenges that demand new approaches to address them. A significant challenge involves the collaborative aspect, where smart components of cyber- physical systems (CPS), as well as CPS themselves must collaborate to perform more complex tasks or to adjust to the changing/evolving environment. This has led to emergence of the concept of Collaborative CPS (CCPS). On its turn, the complexity of CCPS requires novel approaches to support the CCPS design process. Therefore, the CCPS designer requires a clear vision of the design process phases, as well as AI-based tools that can support the design process. This work introduces a framework built in line with the Design Science Research Methodology, unveiling the key stages of the design process. Moreover, a set of tools to support the different design process stages are introduced and discussed. Keywords: Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems, Design Science, Collaboration, Design Framework, Human-AI collaboration. 1 Introduction Over a decade ago, the onset of the 4 th industrial revolution initiated a transformation process, not only in the industrial sector, but also in various other domains, including home automation. Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) emerged as a pivotal component of Industry 4.0, enabling intelligent decision-making and leading to higher personalization of products and services [1]. Intelligent decision-making was made possible through collaboration among different system’s entities that share information contributing to a data-rich environment. As businesses areas across diverse sectors widely embraced Industry 4.0 principles, a novel concept, Industry 5.0 (also related to Society 5.0), has emerged. In contrast to preceding trends, Industry 5.0 places a significant emphasis on symbiotic systems that combine “human subjectivity and intelligence with the efficiency, artificial intelligence, and precision of machines” [2]. Some authors [1] consider Industry 5.0 as a value-driven initiative rather than a Nazarenko, A.A., Camarinha-Matos, L.M. (2024). A Human-AI Framework to Design Collaborative Cyber Physical Systems. In: Technological Innovation for Human-Centric Systems. DoCEIS 2024. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 716. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63851-0_2