Behavioural Processes 39 (1997) 241 – 247
Paw preferences in cats (Felis sil6estris catus ) living in a
household environment
A.V.L. Pike*, D.P. Maitland
Department of Biology, The Uni6ersity of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT UK
Received 8 June 1994; revised 17 September 1996; accepted 17 September 1996
Abstract
Unrestrained, naı ¨ve cats (Felis sil6estris catus )(n =48: 28 males and 20 females), living in a natural domestic
environment, were studied for paw preferences using a food reaching test. A total of 46% were right-preferent, 44%
were left-preferent and 10% were ambilateral. 60% of the cats in our sample used one paw 100% of the time. This
preference was stable over time (10 weeks), and was not influenced by the presence of food residue on the cats’
non-preferred paw. There was no difference between male and female cats in the proportions of left and right
paw-preferent individuals. We have reviewed the literature reporting paw preferences in cats and conclude that in
static food-reaching tests, domestic cats show a marked paw preference with an equal distribution of left- and
right-preferent individuals. They do not, however, show a group or population bias toward the use of any one paw.
There are no significant sex differences. In contrast, there is previously published evidence which appears to suggest
that moving-target reaching tests uncover a left-sided behavioural asymmetry. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Keywords: Behavioural asymmetry; Cat; Handedness; Laterality; Paw preference
1. Introduction
Structural asymmetries are common within the
animal kingdom. For example shells of molluscs
grow in left- or right-handed spirals; male fiddler
crabs have claws of unequal size; flat-fish swim on
either their left or right side; and the hermit crab’s
body is coiled to match its mollusc shell (Neville,
1976; Annett, 1985). Behavioural asymmetries in-
dicating brain laterality are also well documented
(Annett, 1985; Bianki, 1988). Many birds show an
individual foot preference (Harris, 1989): pigeons
may favour one foot when landing from flight
(Davies and Green, 1991); several species of par-
rot and cockatoo favour their left foot when
manipulating food (Rogers, 1989), and domestic
chickens show a right foot preference (Rogers and
Workman, 1993).
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 113 2232851; e-mail:
bgyaul@leeds.ac.uk
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