GSJ: Volume 12, Issue 7, July 2024, Online: ISSN 2320-9186
www.globalscientificjournal.com
THE STAGES TOWARDS THE PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF THE ANGOLAN
CIVIL WAR 1975-2002
Ayuk Lawrence Asam (Ph.D. D Student Department of History University of Buea).
Email: yuklawrenceasam@gmail.com
Abstract
The Angolan civil war, which lasted from 1975 to 2002, was one of the longest and most
devastating conflicts in African history. The war was characterized by intense fighting between
the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the
Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). This Paper examines the stages that led to the peaceful
settlement of the Angolan civil war, highlighting the key events and negotiations that played a
significant role in ending the conflict. Our methodology applicable here is a qualitative model,
with the consultation of primary and secondary sources as our main source of information. The
study examines the various stages or mitigation efforts at the national, regional, and
international levels in resolving the Angolan civil war, ranging from the Gbadolite Accord of
1989 to the Lusaka and the Luena memorandum of understanding. This research contributes to
the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the stages used to resolve the
Angolan civil war.
Keywords: Civil war, Negotiations, International Mediations, Conflict resolution, Peaceful
resolution.
INTRODUCTION
Since the late 1950s, and especially during the 1960s, many African countries became
independent, one after another following an era of colonial rule, but only a few countries made
the transition in a relatively peaceful manner (for instance, Botswana and Zambia), and only a
few of the newly independent states became politically stable countries in the long term (for
example, the case of Tanzania, Zambia and Botswana). In numerous cases, factors such as
GSJ: Volume 12, Issue 7, July 2024
ISSN 2320-9186 544
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