THE CEPHALOPOD BRAIN: MOTION CONTROL, LEARNING, AND COGNITION TAMAR GUTNICK 1 , TAL SHOMRAT 2,3 , JENNIFER A. MATHER 4 , and MICHAEL J. KUBA 1,5* 1 Department of Neural systems and Coding, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max v Laue Str. 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 School of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel 3 Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel 4 Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. E-mail: michi.kuba@mac.com 5 Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan *Corresponding author. CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................... 139 5.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 139 5.2 The Organization of the Brain ........................................................ 140 5.3 Learning and Memory .................................................................... 142 5.4 The Neural Control of Motion ........................................................ 146 5.5 The Suckers..................................................................................... 147 5.6 Motor Control at the Level of a Single arm or Several arms .......... 148 CHAPTER 5