\ PERGAMON Personality and Individual Di}erences 14 "0887# 710Ð721 S9080Ð7758:87:,08[99 Þ 0887 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved PII]S9080Ð7758"87#99932Ð8 Motivational\ emotional\ and personality characteristics of smokeless tobacco users compared with cigarette smokers Charles D[ Spielberger a\ \ John P[ Foreyt b \ Eric C[ Reheiser a \ Walker S[ Carlos Poston b a Department of Psycholo`y\ University of South Florida\ Tampa\ FL 22519\ U[S[A[ b Baylor Colle`e of Medicine\ Houston\ TX 66929\ U[S[A[ Received 1 June 0886 Abstract Consistent evidence from a large number of studies suggests that personality\ motivation\ and emotional factors contribute to the initiation and continued use of tobacco products[ This study compared the reasons why male smokers "N  156# and smokeless tobacco "SLT# users "N  160# begin and continue to use tobacco products[ The study participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire "EPQ#\ and Spielberger|s StateÐTrait Personality Inventory "STPI# and Anger EXpression "AX# Scale[ They also responded to questionnaires designed to evaluate the initiation\ maintenance\ and motivation to use tobacco[ Both SLT!users and smokers reported novelty and enjoyment as the primary reasons for beginning to use tobacco products[ Enjoyment\ stimulation and management of emotions were ranked by both groups as the most important reasons for continuing to use tobacco[ Signi_cant correlations of the EPQ\ STPI\ and AX scales with measures of the initiation\ maintenance and motivation to use tobacco support Eysenck|s Diathesis Stress Model in explaining the persistent use of tobacco products[ Þ 0887 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ 0[ Introduction On his arrival in the New World some 499 years ago\ Christopher Columbus observed Native Americans {{[ [ [ using tobacco in various forms "e[g[\ dipping\ chewing\ rubbing\ smoking#|| "Glover  Corresponding author[