Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 Silicon https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02515-2 RESEARCH Effect Of Zinc Oxide—Aluminium Oxide Mechanical Blends for Boosting the Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Performance through Antireflection Properties Gobinath Velu Kaliyannan 1  · Uma Gandhi 2  · Rajasekar Rathanasamy 3  · Mohankumar Subramanian 4  · Suganeswaran Kandasamy 1  · Raja Gunasekaran 5  · Sathish Kumar Palaniappan 6 Received: 28 January 2023 / Accepted: 15 May 2023 © Springer Nature B.V. 2023 Abstract In the current context, there is a great desire to develop renewable energy sources as a power source. In order to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of silicon solar cells, several studies are being undertaken in this area. This investigation focuses on preparing ZnO-Al 2 O 3 blend as an antireflective coating (ARC) for improving the efficiency of polycrystalline silicon power conversion. The sol—gel method was employed to synthesis ZnO-Al 2 O 3 blend which is produced by mixing zinc oxide with aluminium oxide. The spin coating process was used to deposit single to four layers of ZnO-Al 2 O 3 blend on a silicon solar substrate. The thickness of ZnO-Al 2 O 3 coating obtained was measured with the help of atomic force microscopy (i.e.40 nm).The effect of zinc oxide and aluminium oxide coating on electrical, structural and optical characteristics of coated polycrystalline silicon solar cells, as well as cell temperature is investigated. A layer deposition of a single to multiple layers on a silicon solar cell was identified by an increase in layer thickness. At a low cell temperature (40 °C), the triple layer(LIII) deposition attained a maximum absorbance of 92% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.8%, demonstrating that photons diffuse on the solar cells were increased. The results show that zinc oxide and aluminium oxide mixture is a good anti-reflection coating material in improving silicon solar cell power conversion efficiency. Keywords Antireflection coating · Zinc oxide · Aluminium oxide · Spin coating · Sol–gel method · Polycrystalline solar cell 1 Introduction Increased industrialization and worldwide population results in increased CO 2 emissions and global energy demand. Most of the power produced in the world were from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gases. There is an increase in demand for electrical energy day by day and there are many critical issues in the development of sustainable power gen- eration [13]. In recent years, the researchers were focused on renewable energy resources especially solar energy [4]. Solar power cells have been the primary means of harness- ing solar energy over the time, because they are not only sustainable but also clean and pollution-free [5]. Photovol- taic cells can provides relatively cost-effective and high-effi- ciency ways of generating electricity. Solar panels efficiency were hampered by variables such as high initial cost and sensitivity of glass surface [6]. However, the performance of solar cells might be affected by various reasons such as thermal cycling, reflection loss at the air/module contact, * Gobinath Velu Kaliyannan gobinath.v.k@gmail.com 1 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu 638060, India 2 Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu 638060, India 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu 621215, India 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Erode 638012, Tamil Nadu, India 6 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India