202 To cite this paper: Hoesni F, Firmansyah F, Abutani SA, and Nurhayati N (2024). The Effects of Adding Coconut Water to Egg Yolk Diluent on Motility, Viability, and Abnormality of Etawa Crossbred Goat Sperm. World Vet. J., 14(2): 202-212. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2024.wvj25 2024, Scienceline Publication World ’s Veterinary Journal World Vet J, 14(2): 202-212. ISSN 2322-4568 The Effects of Adding Coconut Water to Egg Yolk Diluent on Motility, Viability, and Abnormality of Etawa Crossbred Goat Sperm Fachroerrozi Hoesni* , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Sri Arnita Abutani , and Nurhayati Nurhayati Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University, Jl. Raya Jambi - Muara Bulian KM. 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi 36361 Indonesia *Corresponding author's Email: fachroerrozi_hoesni@unja.ac.id ABSTRACT The Etawah crossbreed goat is a dual-purpose type of goat that can adapt well to tropical regions in Indonesia. The current research aimed to evaluate the effects of adding coconut water to citrate egg yolk diluent on the spermatozoa quality parameters (motility, viability, and abnormality) of the Etawah crossbred goat at the physiology and reproduction laboratory of animal husbandry, Jambi University (Indonesia). The research employed a randomized block design on Etawa crossbreed goats aged around 2-3 years with an average weight of 12 kg per head in six groups. The treatments included 100% citrate diluent of egg yolk without adding coconut water (P0) as a control, 90% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 10% coconut water (P1), 80% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 20% coconut water (P2), 70% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 30% coconut water (P3), 60% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 40% coconut water (P4). The parameters evaluated in this study included viability of spermatozoa, spermatozoa motility, and spermatozoa abnormalities. The five treatment tubes were stored in a refrigerated cabinet at 5°C for 2 days. After this period, semen quality assessment was assessed microscopically. The percentage of live spermatozoa was determined using a staining technique. The spermatozoa motility was assessed based on their ability to move. Abnormal spermatozoa were calculated based on the number of abnormal spermatozoa compared to the total number of spermatozoa. The results of the study showed that the addition of 20% coconut water to the 80% citrate diluent of egg yolk (P2 treatment) reduced the rate of decline in spermatozoa viability and did not increase the number of spermatozoa abnormalities significantly, compared to other groups. There was no decrease in the viability of Etawah crossbreed goat spermatozoa during 2 days of storage at 5°C in all groups. Therefore, it was concluded that coconut water could be added up to 20% into the egg yolk without any significant negative effects on spermatozoa quality parameters evaluated in the current study. Keywords: Citrate diluent, Coconut water, Egg yolk, Etawah crossbred goat, Spermatozoa resistance ORIGINAL ARTICLE Received: March 20, 2024 Revised: April 19, 2024 Accepted: May 16, 2024 Published: June 25, 2024 INTRODUCTION Etawah Crossbred goat is a dual-purpose type of goat that can adapt to tropical areas in Indonesia. This breed results from crossing the Etawah goat from India with local Indonesian goats. The purpose of growing Etawah Crossbred goats is to produce kids rather than for meat production (Pubiandara et al., 2016; Rezki et al., 2016; Barek et al., 2020; Tethool et al., 2022). Many goat mating systems are carried out naturally due to the lack of superior male goats, thereby reducing the productivity of goats (Baldaniya et al., 2020). Therefore, efforts are needed to optimize productivity through artificial insemination technology in Etawah Crossbred goats. Increased livestock production is a crucial goal to meet the demand for animal protein. Achieving this goal relies on the farmer's capability and access to information about livestock management, especially livestock reproductive technology, which is essential for successful production (Tethool et al., 2022). Artificial insemination is one of the reproduction technology systems. Unfortunately, implementing artificial insemination in goats has not been carried out in-depth in Indonesia, compared to cows. This is due to the technical difficulties of artificial insemination in the field (da Silva Ferreira et al., 2014; Baldaniya et al., 2020; Saputro et al., 2022). Another persistent issue in the artificial insemination program is the semen preservation technique as it is necessary to maintain viability outside the body and minimize sperm mortality rates (Anakkul et al., 2014; Shafiei et al., 2015). Although there are many difficulties with artificial insemination in goats, many countries have successfully implemented this technology in goats (Abdi-Benemar et al, 2020). Semen is the secretion of the male reproductive glands that are normally ejaculated into the female reproductive tract during copulation and can be collected for artificial insemination purposes (Saputro et al., 2022). According to Oliveira et al. (2014), the benefits of artificial insemination technology include improving the utilization of superior DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2024.wvj25 PII: S232245682400025-14