© The 2023 International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics (ICAROB2023), Feb. 9 to 12, on line, Oita, Japan Data Transmission by Li-Fi in Coal Mining Myadadha Goutham Reddy 1 , Tan Jia Wei 1 , Mandigiri Golla Jagan Kumar 1 , Vytla Poojitha 1 , Kaki Harshavardhan Goud 1 , Wang Ji 1 , MHD Amen Summakieh 1 , Atefeh Mohamadpour 2 , Mastaneh Mokayef 1* 1 Faculty of Engineering Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia * Email: mastaneh@ucsiuniversity.edu.my https://www.ucsiuniversity.edu.my/ 2 Department of Construction Management, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA Abstract There are many dangerous threats in a coal mining industry such as gas explosion, and temperature and humidity variation which can be difficult to be monitored and controlled. In this paper, we proposed and designed a method to utilize the Li-Fi technology for data transmission which are equipped with sensors to provide real time situation stat to the coal miners to ensure their safety. One of the most dangerous gases in coal mining is the carbon monoxide (CO). Hence, specific type of sensor is used and connected to a core component which is the microcontroller and placed at different parts of the coal mine. When the concentration level exceeds a certain threshold value, the buzzer will be triggered, and the notification is sent to the central database to inform the workers. Li-Fi provides the solution for slow data transmission or data loss which enhances the safety and improve the working condition of labors in coal mining sectors. Keywords: Li-Fi, microcontroller, carbon monoxide sensor, safety. 1. Introduction Safety is one of the most important aspects in all industries, especially in the coal mining industry. The reason is because we cannot guarantee zero error in the mining process of coal mines, as even a small mistake may lead to disastrous consequences. Communication is the primary key to observing any risk parameter [1]. At present, due to the complexity of coal mining environment around the world, mining workers are affected by many accidents. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the working environment which can be improved by establishing flexible communication with the workers. In the process of mining, the wire communication system is inefficient as the installation cost is high, and it is easily damaged under the influence of natural disasters such as earthquakes. The wireless communication used in this paper which is Li-Fi is a good way to minimize these problems. 2. Literature Review Li-Fi technology is an optical wireless communication (OWC) technology proposed by German physicist Harald Haas in 2011 [2]. Li-Fi uses the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit information at a very high speed. The working principle of Li FI begins with visible light as the emission source of the signal by controlling the ‘on’ and ‘off’ state of the LED light. When the light is ‘on’, the digital signal represents "1", and when the light is ‘off’, the digital signal represents "0". The LED light emits high-speed light and dark 772