7
Matthew J. Advent
Usury and Interest
Journal of Markets & Morality
Volume 27, Number 1: 7–30
Copyright © 2024
Matthew J. Advent
PhD Candidate in Philosophy,
The Catholic University of America
There has been a recent increase in Catholic authors concerned about usury.
However, these authors generally misunderstand later Thomistic teaching
on this subject. This article uses the writings of Saint Alphonsus Liguori,
Cardinal Juan de Lugo, and Cardinal Jozef-Ernest van Roey to explain how later
Thomists approach extrinsic titles (particularly lucrum cessans) and explain
how this tradition was able to develop Aquinas’s usury theory in a way that
allowed a universal right to charge interest on a loan given the proper
intention. Finally, it deals with several recent objections to this and finds
them lacking.
1
Introduction
In recent years there has been an uptick among Catholic intellectuals seriously
concerned about usury. Indeed, in the last several years a number of works on
the subject have appeared in prominent Catholic intellectual journals and in
books published by Catholic presses.
2
Whatever the merits of these works, they
all primarily focus directly on Aquinas and engage with the tradition of usury
analysis in later Thomists only indirectly, if at all.
3
This leads to persistent
misunderstandings of later Scholastic teaching on usury and can lead to the
impression that at some point Thomists, and Catholics more generally, simply
forgot Aquinas’s understanding of usury as a sin.
4
This, however, could not be
further from the truth.
When we look at later Thomistic discussions of lending, we see thoughtful
debates about how Thomas’s teaching applies in different circumstances. These
Usury and Interest
Forgotten Contributions
to the Thomistic Tradition