Kok Fei CHONG, Mohamad Fazli SABRI, Amirah Shazana MAGLI, Husniyah ABD RAHIM, Nuradibah MOKHTAR, Mohd Amim OTHMAN /
Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business Vol 8 No 3 (2021) 0905–0915 905 905
Print ISSN: 2288-4637 / Online ISSN 2288-4645
doi:10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.0905
The Effects of Financial Literacy, Self-Efficacy and
Self-Coping on Financial Behavior of Emerging Adults
*
Kok Fei CHONG
1
, Mohamad Fazli SABRI
2
, Amirah Shazana MAGLI
3
, Husniyah ABD RAHIM
4
,
Nuradibah MOKHTAR
5
, Mohd Amim OTHMAN
6
Received: November 30, 2020 Revised: February 01, 2021 Accepted: February 16, 2021
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between financial behavior, financial literacy, self-efficacy, and self-coping among emerging adults.
The study population is 790 respondents from 11 Credit Counselling and Debt Management (CCDM). Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) was used to analyze Pearson Correlation and Multiple regression. It was used to determine the relationships and recognize
determinants of emerging adults’ financial behavior respectively. In this study, financial literacy, self-efficacy, self-coping, and financial
behavior variables were entered into the regression. A total of 790 respondents aged 40 and below were selected. An independent sample
t-test was administered to compare the financial behavior scores for females and males. The results reveal that there was significant
difference in the mean of financial behavior scores for females (M = 87.20, SD = 18.00) and males (M = 89.70, SD = 16.80; t (765) = 2.010,
p = 0.045, two-tailed). The multiple regression results indicate that the model explained 13.4% of the variance in financial behavior, which
is predicted significantly by the model (F = 38.361, p = 0.000). This study will be beneficial to policymakers to improve living conditions
and to promote good financial behavior, financial literacy, self-efficacy as well as self-coping especially for emerging adults in Malaysia.
Keywords: Financial Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Self-Coping, Financial Behavior, Emerging Adults
JEL Classification Code: D10, D12, D14, O15
1. Introduction
In Malaysia, the debt problems affecting emerging adults
are alarming as the household debt service ratio is on an
escalating trend. Bank Negara Malaysia (2010) has recently
reported debts of over six million households in Malaysia,
totaling RM653 billion, with RM108000 per household
average. Statistics show that Malaysia’s millennium or
Gene Y, which is referred to in this study as emerging
adults, has huge accumulated debt. Studies conducted by the
Asian Institute of Finance (2015) reported that these young
individuals face major financial stress in their early life,
with many living beyond their means and being trapped in
emotional expenditure (Wan Azmi et al., 2015). Moreover,
over the years, the number of emerging adults faced with
bankruptcy has been steadily increasing. The majority of
emerging adults are dependent on high-cost loans, personal
loans, and credit card borrowings (Asian Institute of
Finance, 2015). The highest cases of bankruptcy among the
youth were recorded in 2014 with a total of 13,098 cases,
followed by 13,036 cases in 2013, based on the statistics
from the Insolvency Department (The Star, 2018). This
problem can be overwhelmed by the distinction between
*Acknowledgements:
The authors wish to express their gratefulness to the Universiti Putra
Malaysia (GP-IPS/2017/9572700) for funding this study entitled
“Determinants of Debt Management Programme Dropped Out
Probability among Agensi Kaunseling dan Pengurusan Kredit Debt
Management Programme Participant”.
1
First Author. Postgraduate Student, Department of Resource
Management & Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Email: desmondfocus@gmail.com
2
Corresponding Author. Professor, Faculty of Human Ecology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia [Postal Address: 43400
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia] Email: fazli@upm.edu.my
3
Department of Resource Management & Consumer Studies,
Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Email: amirahshazana90@gmail.com
4
Senior Lecturer, Department of Resource Management & Consumer
Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Malaysia. Email: husniyah@upm.edu.my
5
Researcher, Department of Resource Management & Consumer
Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Malaysia. Email: adib8994@gmail.com
6
Senior Lecturer, Department of Resource Management & Consumer
Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Malaysia. Email: mohdamim@gmail.com
© Copyright: The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.