JPPIPA 9(11) (2023) Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Journal of Research in Science Education http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/index ___________ How to Cite: Muthmainnah, Arabani, F. Z., Tazi, I., Chamidah, N., Sasmitaninghidayah, W., & Tirono, M. (2023). Development of Optical Sensor Technology for Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Measurement. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(11), 10252–10258. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5610 Development of Optical Sensor Technology for Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Measurement Muthmainnah 1* , Fabriansyah Zakaria Arabani 1 , Imam Tazi 1 , Ninik Chamidah 1 , Wiwis Sasmitaninghidayah 1 , Mokhamad Tirono 1 1 Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang, Indonesia Received: September 27, 2023 Revised: October 10, 2023 Accepted: November 25, 2023 Published: November 30, 2023 Corresponding Author: Muthmainnah inna@fis.uin-malang.ac.id DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5610 © 2023 The Authors. This open access article is distributed under a (CC-BY License) Abstract: This research focuses on the development of hardware and software required to implement optical sensor technology. The optical sensor used is the MAX30102, equipped with infrared (IR) and red-light sources along with a receiver. The signals generated by the sensor are processed by NodeMCU and displayed on the OLED. The calibration results indicate the relationship between hemoglobin obtained using the invasive method and the output of the MAX30102 sensor, which is in the form of wavelength. It has the equation  = 0.0164 − 13.478 with an  2 value of 0.9114. This equation is utilized to program the NodeMCU through the Arduino IDE. Validation and clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate its accuracy and applicability in clinical contexts. The results show that the non-invasive device has an average standard deviation of 0.32, indicating consistent measurement values. The non-invasive device demonstrates an average accuracy of 99.24%, signifying high precision and similarity to invasive methods. This suggests that the device holds potential as an innovative solution for Hemoglobin measurement. Keywords: Calibration; Hemoglobin; Non-Invasive; Optical Sensor. Introduction Hemoglobin measurement is a crucial clinical parameter in the medical field (Taneri et al., 2020). Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that plays a major role in transport. Oxygen from the lungs is transported throughout the body and carries back carbon dioxide from the rest of the body to the lungs for excretion (Akinbosede et al., 2022). Disturbances in hemoglobin levels can indicate various health conditions, including anemia, polycythemia, and other hematological disorders (Adegoke et al., 2022). Conventional methods for measuring hemoglobin levels typically require invasive blood sampling (Hsu et al., 2016). This can cause discomfort to the patient and has a risk of infection (Pinto et al., 2020). Therefore, the development of non-invasive methods for hemoglobin measurement has become an increasingly important research focus in the quest to enhance health monitoring (Ryan et al., 2016; Garrett et al., 2021; Wittenmeier et al., 2021). This research not only can provide a better alternative for patients but also has the potential to improve efficiency in the measurement process, reduce the time needed to obtain vital information, and optimize the overall quality of medical care. One potential approach is the use of sensor technology (Hasan et al., 2021). A sensor is a device used to detect or measure changes in the physical or chemical environment and convert them into signals that can be interpreted or used for specific purposes (Diharja et al., 2022; Lensoni et al., 2023). Sensors are employed in various fields, including electronics, industry, medicine, automotive, and more (Hidayat & Yulianti, 2021). Examples of sensors include temperature sensors, motion sensors, pressure sensors, and optical sensors (Hong et al., 2021). Optical sensors utilize light or electromagnetic waves to detect and measure characteristics or changes in the environment, producing output that can be used for monitoring or measuring a condition or object (Holovatyy et al., 2020).