Open Peer Review on Qeios Neurobiology of Music and its Application in Dementia Marcos Altable Funding: No specific funding was received for this work. Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare. Abstract Therapeutic music proves to be an excellent alternative to improve the mental performance of elderly residents in long- term care facilities, as it is a non-invasive activity that has physiological and psychological benefits, improving the ability to interact in society and decreasing the individual's stress. This study aims to show the relevance of music as a complementary therapy in the care of the elderly living in geriatric institutions. In this analysis, it was possible to observe several benefits of therapeutic music, such as increased individual comfort, effect on pain, decrease in systolic blood pressure and anxiety, sleep regulation, better social interaction, and reduction of the severity of symptoms of pharmacotherapy increasing the comfort level of these patients. Therefore, its multiple benefits, ease of use, and lack of side effects corroborate that this technique is being used increasingly. Marcos Altable, MD * Private Practice of Neurology. Neuroceuta. (Virgen de Africa Clinic). Ceuta, Spain * Correspondence: Marcos Altable, Sargento Mena Street 4, 51001, Ceuta, Spain Email: maraltable@gmail.com ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3849-4953 Keywords: Elderly; Music therapy; Dementia; Aged; Nursing homes; Geriatric. Introduction Music has historically been seen as an ideal tool for exploring emotions, especially since music can constantly evoke strong emotions between people [1] . However, until now, very few functional imaging studies have explored emotion with music. A study examined the neurophysiological correlates of the pleasant/unpleasant emotional dimension with Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Article, February 28, 2024 Qeios ID: M381PX · https://doi.org/10.32388/M381PX 1/8