PV-driven Smart Islanded Microgrid: Intelligent I2C Arduino-based Demand Energy Management Dmytro Zubov 1,∗,† , Ayman Aljarbouh 1,† , Andrey Kupin 2,† and Gainikamal Batayeva 1 1 University of Central Asia, 125/1 Toktogul Street, Bishkek, 720001, Kyrgyzstan 2 Kryvyi Rih National University, 11 Vitaly Matusevich, Kryvyi Rih, 50027, Ukraine Abstract This study aims to develop a PV-driven smart islanded microgrid capable of managing both critical (such as heating inside the electric panel in cold climates) and shiftable (such as LED light bulbs) loads. The main advantage of the proposed prototype is its affordability as it utilizes two Arduino Uno microcontrollers that are available worldwide, along with a photoresistor for measuring light intensity and two relays for connecting/disconnecting the shiftable load and minimizing the time without the power supply of the critical demand. The control algorithm is based on three-input hysteresis with the counter of loops in Arduino sketch with high intensity of light (over 1002 – direct sun rays; the counter is incremented if the load has a power supply on the solar charge controller) and the correcting variable that doubles once per 24h if the load is OFF on the solar charge controller: the shiftable load is ON while the counter is positive during the night time; the value of correcting variable is subtracted from the counter. Arduino Uno microcontrollers transmit data via I2C protocol. Experimental results conducted at the Naryn campus of the University of Central Asia in Kyrgyzstan have shown that the proposed microgrid prototype minimizes the time when the critical load is OFF and allows limited power supply to the shiftable load. Keywords Microgrid, critical demand, shiftable load, adaptive control, Arduino Uno, I2C protocol 1 1. Introduction The islanded microgrid (µG) driven by photovoltaic (PV) energy [1, 2] is one of the fundamental components of the local smart power grid. Existing market solutions with different µG loads, such as critical, curtailable, and shiftable, operate using various control algorithms and soft- /hardware [3, 4]. With respect to the criterion of cost minimization throughout all stages of the system design, from planning to maintenance and support, the best solution today is the IoT (Internet of Things) Arduino-based open-source electronic prototyping platform [4, 5]. In this study, a μG prototype is developed using the 100 W 12 V monocrystalline solar panel, PWM (pulse width modulation) solar charge controller W88-C 30A / 12V / 24V, four 12V / 9.0Ah lead- ICyberPhyS-2024: 1st International Workshop on Intelligent & CyberPhysical Systems, June 28, 2024, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine ∗ Corresponding author. † These authors contributed equally. dzubov@ieee.org (D. Zubov); ayman.aljarbouh@ucentralasia.org (A. Aljarbouh); kupin@knu.edu.ua (A. Kupin); bataevagajnikamal@gmail.com (G. Batayeva) 0000-0002-5601-7827 (D. Zubov); 0000-0002-3909-2227 (A. Aljarbouh); 0000-0001-7569-1721 (A. Kupin); 0009- 0006-7439-7145 (G. Batayeva) © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings ceur-ws.org ISSN 1613-0073 CEUR Workshop Proceedings ceur-ws.org ISSN 1613-0073