Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering ISSN: 2710-1436 DOI: 10.32996/jmcie Journal Homepage: www.al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/jmcie JMCIE AL-KINDI CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Copyright: © 2024 the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Published by Al-Kindi Centre for Research and Development, London, United Kingdom. Page | 9 | RESEARCH ARTICLE Risk Assessment of Aircraft Refueling Activities at the Indonesian Flight Academy Banyuwangi Using the Bowtie Method and Shell Model Human Factor Ahmad Mubarok 1 ✉ Yuni Trio Anggoro 2 , Hadi Prayitno 3 and Arief Rusdyansyah 4 1234 Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Ahmad Mubarok, E-mail: ahmadamoeba@gmail.com | ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the risks involved in aircraft refueling activities at the Indonesian Pilot Academy in Banyuwangi, using the Bowtie method and the SHELL Model Human Factor. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach to understand the emerging risks and human factors associated with the activity. Based on the research findings, fire risk emerges as the most dominant. These risks are then analyzed using the Bowtie method and the SHELL Model Human Factor to gain a comprehensive understanding of the causes and consequences of fire risk. Several identified causes of fire risk include non-compliance with procedures, absence of fuel flow measuring devices and fuel drum handling equipment, visual impairment due to sunlight, and inadequate temporary fuel storage conditions. Potential impacts include fire and significant damage to the aircraft. This research makes an important contribution to enhancing safety by providing relevant safety recommendations for aircraft refueling activities at the Indonesian Pilot Academy in Banyuwangi. | KEYWORDS Risk assessment, Aircraft refueling, Bowtie method, SHELL Model Human Factor, Fire, Safety. | ARTICLE INFORMATION ACCEPTED: 02 January 2024 PUBLISHED: 19 January 2024 DOI: 10.32996/jmcie.2024.5.1.2 1. Introduction The Banyuwangi Indonesian Pilot Academy is a pilot school that encompasses complex flight operational processes. One of the crucial flight processes is the activity of refueling aircraft. Refueling aircraft at the Indonesian Pilot Academy Banyuwangi still employs manual techniques; therefore, this activity carries the potential risk of accidents if not conducted properly. Accidents in the aircraft refueling process involve various factors such as human error, equipment failure, inadequate procedures, or poor environmental conditions. Research results indicate that 60% of aviation accidents in Indonesia are dominated by human factors (Eko Poerwanto & Uyuunul Mauidzoh, 2016). In an effort to minimize this risk, a precise and accurate risk assessment is needed. In risk analysis research, the Bowtie method has been proven effective in conducting risk assessments in various fields. The SHELL Model, Human Factor theory, will also be instrumental in identifying risks related to human factors. Previous research has demonstrated the use of the Bowtie method in carrying out risk assessments in various fields, such as the mining industry (Zhang Cong et al., 2017), oil and gas (Subagyo & Kholil, 2020), and even in the health sector (Ronald & Bowie, 2020). However, not much research has discussed the use of the Bowtie method for carrying out risk assessments on aircraft refueling activities. Additionally, human factors play a crucial role in aircraft refueling activities, and thus the SHELL Model Human Factor theory can aid in identifying risks in aircraft refueling activities at the Indonesian Aviation Academy Banyuwangi. This final project research aims to determine the risks in the process of aircraft refueling activities at the Indonesian Pilot Academy Banyuwangi, developed using a Bowtie method approach and combined with the SHELL Model Human Factor theory to analyze human factors in depth. It is hoped that this research can help identify risks in aircraft refueling activities and provide recommendations for improving safety at the Indonesian Pilot Academy Banyuwangi.