Research Article
Electroosmotic Dewatering of Iron Ore Tailings: A Laboratory
Study to Improve Geotechnical Properties
Salih Y¨ uksek
Department of Civil Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Salih Y¨ uksek; syuksek@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Received 19 August 2022; Revised 6 October 2022; Accepted 19 October 2022; Published 28 October 2022
Academic Editor: Jijo James
Copyright © 2022 Salih Y¨ uksek. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Minerals are subjected to ore processing to turn them into usable and saleable raw materials. First of all, the ore is reduced to the
smallest size with the crushing-grinding process, and after using water and chemical additives, according to the characteristics of
the ore, useful minerals are taken, and unwanted minerals are stored in the tailings pools. Approximately, 26 million tons of
mineral wastes were generated annually from ore processing facilities in Turkey. e construction of tailings pools, the stability of
the tailing sludge, and the safety of dams are a burdensome issue faced by miners. In the ore plants, an average of 3 tons of water is
used to enrich 1 ton of ore, and most of the wastewater cannot be removed by traditional methods, causing various economic,
environmental, and stability problems. In this study, the dewatering of an iron ore tailing by applying different voltages by the
electroosmosis method was investigated in the laboratory environment. By discharging the water of the iron ore tailings by the
electroosmosis method, the solid content was increased from 43.01% to 87.63%. us, it has been observed that there will be a
significant improvement in the geotechnical properties of the tailings’ material. It has been estimated that electroosmotic
dewatering rises with increasing the voltage gradient and the energy consumption varies in the range of 0.588–30.645 kWh/dry
ton. e void ratio decreased from 5.58% to 0.23%. In the dewatering experiments, different parameters such as the amount of
water discharged, density, void ratio, water content, and power consumed were measured or calculated and the relationships
between them were discussed with graphics. In electroosmosis experiments, it has been observed that besides the voltage applied
in the discharge of water, the mineralogy of the tailings has a significant effect. Since there are serious abrasions on the electrodes
used in the experiments, alternative electrodes should be tried.
1. Introduction
While the mining industry is growing rapidly in the world, it
also causes a wide variety of social and environmental effects
[1]. Mineral processing facilities produce two types of
products, categorised as either economic or noneconomic.
e noneconomic product, usually known as tailings,
consists of waste (by-product), small quantities of valuable
minerals or metals, chemicals, organics, and process water
[2]. It is emphasized that with the increase in the production
of low grade ores in the future, it is inevitable to produce
higher tonnage of tailings, and in 2010, approximately 14
billion tons of waste was produced globally by the mining
industry [3]. In the mining industry, the growing demand
for mineral products and the accumulation of large amounts
of fine mineral tailings generated by mega-scale mining
operations are still an ongoing problem [4]. Many tailings
contain significant amounts of fines with clay minerals that
slowly settle under self-weight consolidation. ese tailings
with high water content and low shear strength cause in-
stability [5]. e construction of large tailing dams is re-
quired for the storage of wastes, and the mining investors are
faced with the geotechnical and geo-environmental prob-
lems of these tailing storage facilities. In some tailing storage
facilities, highly wet tailings with low solids have been de-
posited. Many years after placement of tailings, the water
content remains relatively high, resulting in high risks of
instability and extremely difficult rehabilitation [6]. In fact,
collapses and landslides have caused great damage to many
mine tailing dams in the world [7–9]. e role of water in
Hindawi
Advances in Civil Engineering
Volume 2022, Article ID 7662997, 12 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7662997