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International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2015; 2(1): 127-130
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (ISRA): 4.69
IJPESH 2015; 2(1): 127-130
© 2015 IJPESH
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 25-06-2015
Accepted: 26-07-2015
Grace Akpan
Department of Physical and
Health Education, University of
Uyo, Nigeria
Maria Ikorok
Department of Physical and
Health Education, University of
Uyo, Nigeria
Correspondence
Grace Akpan
Department of Physical and
Health Education, University of
Uyo, Nigeria
Socio demographic Variables and Acceptance of
HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies by Secondary School
Teachers in Akwa State, Nigeria
Grace Akpan, Maria Ikorok
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of socio demographic variables on the
acceptance of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies by secondary school teachers in Akwa Ibom State,
Nigeria. A descriptive survey method was used for the study. The population for the study consisted of
6,096 teachers working in public secondary schools in the three senatorial Districts of Akwa Ibom State.
A random sample of 600 from 20 schools in each senatorial District in groups of (30) teachers was used
for the study. A 24- item structured questionnaire, developed by the researchers was used for data
collection. Six objectives, research questions and hypotheses were also formulated to guide the study.
The variables studied were educational qualification, religious affiliation, age, income, residential
location and gender of teachers. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions
while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at .05 alpha level of significance. The findings show
statistically significant (P<0.05) influence of educational qualification, religion, age income, residential
location and gender on acceptance of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.
Keywords: socio demographic factors, HIV/AIDS, and prevention strategies.
Introduction
Historical evidence attests to the consistent quest of humanity and the desire to safeguard
health against disease and disability (ononye, 2002)
[7]
. The HIV pandemic has had a profound
impact on the health and socio- economic status of the nation. In this regard, the potential of
HIV/AIDS to affect health and national development commands urgent attention and response
(FMOH, 2005). People living with HIV and AIDS are faced with the task of maintaining
optimal health status despite an increasing insult to their immune status (Maeyer, 2001)
[4]
. In
Nigeria, a good number of people are living on the brink of poverty. Thus, occurrence of the
infection in the family further undermines the family’s ability to provide for her basic needs
(piwoz, 2004)
[8]
.
The Nigeria report from 1991 to 2008 indicated the following figures, 1.8% in 1991, 5.8% in
2001, and 4.4% in 2005, while slight increase of 4.6% was shown in 2008.
In Akwa Ibom State, where the researcher conducted the study, the figures were 13.0% in
2001, 6.4% in 2003, 5.7% in 2005 and 9.7% was indicated in 2008.
Essien Udim local Government Area which is part of the study sample had an alarming rate of
8.1% in 2001, 8.0% in 2003, 9.6% in 2005 and 5.8% in 2008 (FMOH, 2008)
[2]
. Ekoja (2006)
[1]
reported that economically disadvantaged people are more susceptible to high risk jobs such
as commercial sex work as they migrate from the rural to urban centers. Most secondary
school teachers belong to the middle level income group yet they keep large families.
Insufficient income cannot address the issue of giving good medical and quality education to
their children.
It has been documented that about 13% of sampled person living with HIV/AIDS in Uyo,
Akwa Ibom State were aged 46-56years (opera and John, 2007). The report also had it that the
people living with AIDS were aged 31 and 43years while those within 18-30 years of age
constituted 33.17 %.
Statistics also indicate that for five patient affected by AIDS one is in their 20s (Singh, 2002)
[9]
. The significance of the high rates at low age groups is that children and young people are
increasingly getting exposed to HIV infection at much younger ages. This suggests the need
for prevention intervention to commence early to maximize its benefits.