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Event Management, Vol. 28, pp. 895–913 1525-9951/24 $60.00 + .00
Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/152599524X17135753220093
Copyright © 2024 Cognizant, LLC. E-ISSN 1943-4308
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895
Address correspondence to Ehsan Mohamadi Turkmani, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health,
University of Tehran, Tehran, N Kargar, P9HR+J6X. Iran. E-mail: ehsan.mohamadi@ut.ac.ir
committees began explicitly mentioning legacy
(Dorsch et al., 2021).
Event legacies and event impacts are two similar
words in mega-sporting event literature. Although
the two concepts are similar, “impact” and “legacy”
have distinct meanings. An external shock, such as
the spending of event attendees, provides a tempo-
rary boost to the economy, which in turn prompts
the event’s impacts (Preuss, 2007). For example, the
Introduction
Major or large-scale sporting events, such as the
FIFA World Cup, have remarkable impacts, scope,
magnitude, and significance on a global scale
(Andersson et al., 2021). Although researchers
have studied the impacts of mega-sporting events
for decades, it was not until the 1996 Centennial
Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta that organizing
INDIRECT LEGACY AND OUTCOMES OF MEGA-SPORTING EVENTS:
THE CASE OF THE QATAR 2022 WORLD CUP
EHSAN MOHAMADI TURKMANI,* NADIM NASSIF,† AND MAYA GABRIEL†
*Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran
†Department of Psychology, Education and Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities,
Notre-Dame University-Louaize (NDU), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
Scholars have extensively studied mega-sporting events’ impact and legacies. However, these studies
typically focus on the host city or country. The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, the first mega-sporting
event in the Gulf region, evoked a deeper reflection on the legacy of such events. After conducting
21 in-depth interviews with participants from nine Arab nations and utilizing constructivist grounded
theory, new perceptions of mega-event legacy emerged. Arab pride, tangible outcomes, an acces-
sible success model, a technical legacy, making sports a key part of Arab social life, boosting social
capital, and a hazy sense of sorrow represented the indirect outcomes of the Qatar 2022 World Cup
for Arab countries. The similarities between Qatar and its neighbors have shaped indirect percep-
tions. Although the perceived outcomes were favorable, some Arab citizens may have experienced
conflicting feelings of sorrow. The findings shed light on the legacy of mega-sporting events beyond
the host nation.
Key words: Arab pride; Indirect perceptions; Large-scale sports events; MENA region