ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate potential
benefit of a suture anchor-enhanced capsulorraphy in the
early maintenance of correction in bunionectomies. We
compared, retrospectively, in successive series, the loss
of correction of the Hallux Valgus (HV) and inter-
metatarsal (IM) angle, in those repaired with an L-shaped
capsulorraphy enhanced with anchors to those without.
Intraoperative and second week postoperative simulated
weightbearing anterior posterior (AP) X-rays were used to
evaluate results. By using only intraoperative and early
postoperative X-rays, we should have effectively elimi-
nated extraneous factors that might have influenced our
results. A Total of 106 cases were investigated, 65 of
which were repaired using anchors, the remaining 41
without. In the anchor group, 38 underwent a proximal
metatarsal concentric shelf osteotomy (CSO)/modified
McBride procedure, while the remaining 27 had a distal
Chevron correction. In the without-anchor group, 21 had
a CSO/modified McBride procedure while 20 underwent
the Chevron procedure. In the without-anchor group, the
average HV and IM loss of correction was 4.60° (range, -2
to 21°) and 0.6° (range, -1 to 9°) respectively. In the anchor
group, the corresponding loss was 2.8° (range, -3 to 17°)
and 0.6° (range, -2 to 14°) respectively. These results,
when statistically analyzed, demonstrated that while the
IM angle change was not statistically significant, the HV
angle change was statistically significant, implying that
the anchor plays a significant role in maintaining the sur-
gical correction in both the distal Chevron and CSO/
modified McBride bunionectomies.
INTRODUCTION
Hallux Valgus was defined by Elmslie in 1926 as a lat-
eral deviation of the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal
joint; this deformity can be accompanied with joint sub-
luxation, pronation, and attenuation of the medial soft
tissue structures such as the joint capsule and the
abductor hallucis tendon.
2
While there are a great many publications describing
the bony procedures and their significance,
1,4,5,6
there is
little documentation in the literature concerning the cap-
sulorraphy and its importance in obtaining and main-
taining the surgical correction.
Silver, in 1923, described an operation involving a
Y-shaped medial capsulorraphy but mentioned very lit-
tle as to its significance in bunion correction.
7
Goldberg,
et al. described the Teardrop Capsulectomy and capsu-
lorraphy, subjectively describing its importance espe-
cially in soft tissue procedures.
3
Other frequently used
capsulorraphies include the “Leuticular”, “Dorsolinear”,
and “Y-shaped”.
We have long been concerned about early loss of cor-
rection of the hallux valgus angle in the immediate post-
operative period, defined as the time between comple-
tion of the procedure in the operating room and the first
dressing change at the one or two week interval. We
are aware that the bunion correction may fail over time
due to lack of biomechanical alignment correction and
subsequent muscular imbalance, inappropriate shoe
FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL
Copyright © 2003 by the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, Inc.
Anchor Enhanced Capsulorraphy in Bunionectomies Using an L-shaped
Capsulotomy
John S. Gould, M.D.; Sheriff Ali, M.D.; Rachel Fowler, M.S., R.D. C.D.E.; Glenn S. Fleisig, Ph.D.
Birmingham, AL
61
Corresponding Author:
John S. Gould, M.D.
Alabama Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center
1201 11th Avenue South, Suite 200
Birmingham, AL 35205
Phone: (205) 918-2126
Fax: (205) 939-4488
E-mail: gouldjs@aol.com
Fig. 1: The medial sagittal incision for the distal Chevron procedure.