Archives of Dental Research 2023;13(2):100–104 Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals Archives of Dental Research Journal homepage: https://www.adr.org.in/ Original Research Article Ramus & gonial angel measurement in sexual dimorphism - A digital panoramic study Priya Singh 1 *, Updender Malik 1 , Mysore K Sunil 1 , Lakshya Vishnoi 1 , Arpan Manna 1 , Tanha Khan 2 1 Dept. of Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Daswani Dental College, Kota, Rajasthan, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 10-07-2023 Accepted 03-11-2023 Available online 18-12-2023 Keywords: OPG Sexual Dimorphism Ramus Gonial Angel ABSTRACT Introduction: Age and sex must be determined for forensic practise and medico-legal objectives. The mandible, which is the most heterogeneous bone in the skull and is frequently found intact, may be a key component in sex assessment. In this regard, the availability of a large number of antemortem orthopantomograms may be very beneficial in researching and creating standards that are population- specific for precise sex and age determination. Determining the value of different mandibular ramus linear and gonial angle measures as sex and age markers on digital panoramic pictures was the goal of the current investigation. Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted on 600 orthopantomogram of patients of both gender with age group of 18 to 50 years. Materials and Methods: The selected JPEG images of the digital OPG’s were converted to PDF format and exported to Adobe Acrobat Reader software on an HP Laptop for assessment of linear and angular measurements. The parameters employed in the current study were projective ramus height (PRH), condylar ramus height (CNNRH), coronoid ramus height (CRRH), upper ramus breadth (URB), lower ramus breadth (LRB), bigonial width (BW) and gonial angle (GA). Result: The right PRH, CRRH, CNRH, URB, LRB and bigonial width were higher in males as compared to females similarly left PRH, CNRH, CRRH, URB were higher in males as compared to females with a statistically significant P value (0.001) It was concluded from the current study that various parameters, including the projective ramus height, minimum ramus breath, and coronoid ramus height, could be very helpful in determining gender. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International, which allows others to remix, and build upon the work non- commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints contact: reprint@ipinnovative.com 1. Introduction Forensic odontology employs dental evidence to address issues pertaining to human identification. Gender determination marks the beginning of the identification process. 1–3 The rise in violent crimes and the amount of unidentified, mutilated corpses brought to the attention of forensic * Corresponding author. E-mail address: arpanmanna97@gmail.com (P. Singh). experts have necessitated this kind of investigation. Sex, age, and ethnicity can be distinguished using both qualitative and quantitative criterias. Every person in the world has a unique identity, and FO places a high value in the identification of both living and dead people. 3,4 The mandible is the strongest bone. The coronoid and condyloid processes are located on the rami. The mandible is thought to be good for investigation because it is the most resilient bone and holds its shape better than other bones. 4,5 https://doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2023.020 2277-3401/© 2023 Author(s), Published by Innovative Publication. 100