Czy na Dolnym Œl¹sku wystêpuj¹ naturalne analogi ska³ ksiê¿ycowych? Tadeusz A. Przylibski 1 , Mateusz Szczêœniewicz 1 , Konrad Blutstein 1 Are there natural analogues of Moon rocks in Lower Silesia? Prz. Geol., 72: 26–46; doi: 10.7306/2024.2 A b s t r a c t. We describe the geological structure of the Moon and its evolution from the time of its joint formation with the Earth to the present. The common origin of both of these bodies justifies the search for analogues of the rocks that build the Earth and the Moon. On this basis, we characterize the rocks that constitute the crust of the Moon. These comprise rocks of the primary planetary anorthosite crust: anorthosites and, subordinately, other gabbroid rocks (gabbros, troctolites, norrites). These rocks make up the lunar highlands and mainly build the far side of the Moon. On the near side, there are vast areas covered with basaltoids several hundred meters thick, of various ages: the lunar maria. These two types of igneous rocks constitute the Moon's crust. Its surface is covered with material produced by impact metamorphism from incoming asteroids, meteoroids, micrometeoroids and interplanetary dust, as well as resulting from the crust’s interaction with solar wind particles and cosmic radiation. This regolith comprises loose material a few to several meters thick. We compare the chemical composition of these lunar igneous rocks with the chemical composition of the igneous rocks of Lower Silesia. Basaltoids, anorthosites, gabbros and troctolites were included in our analysis. We conclude, unsurprisingly, that it is currently impossible to indicate the occurrence of natural analogues of lunar rocks in Lower Silesia. There are large differences between the chemical composition between the rocks constituting the primary planetary crust of the Moon and the igneous alkaline rocks of Lower Silesia, the latter representing strongly differentiated igneous rocks of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. Nevertheless, in the case of basaltoids, it will likely be possible in the near future to find rocks that can, with some approximation, be considered analogues of lunar basaltoids. At present, potential locations of lunar-like basalts and foidites include the Zarêba and Ksiêginki quarries near Lubañ. In the case of plutonic rocks, especially anorthosites, Lower Silesian analogues of lunar rocks will be very approximate. However, based on basaltoid rocks from Lower Silesia, and perhaps later also using gabbroid rocks, it should be possible to produce a natural analogue of the lunar regolith. Rock material from terrestrial analogues will have to be significantly processed both physically and chemically to obtain the composition and structure of this regolith material. These considerations, however, are not the purpose of this work. We focus primarily on analogies of chemical and mineral composition, as the basic features enabling the production of a lunar regolith analogue. We are particularly interested in pointing out analogies resulting from the composition of the parent magmas of these rocks, as reflected in the chemical composition of the rocks and their mineral composition. Due to significant differences in the age of crystallization of lunar magmas and their conditions of this crystallization compared to the rocks of Lower Silesia (on Earth), it is not presently possible to indicate Lower Silesian age-analogues of lunar rocks or structural and textural analogues. Keywords: The Moon, basalt, anorthosite, feldspar breccia, lunar meteorite, regolith, synestia Obecnie, podobnie jak w latach 60. XX w., loty na Ksiê¿yc, a zw³aszcza budowa baz, w których przez d³ugi czas bêd¹ pozostawaæ ludzie, wydaj¹ siê byæ odleg³e w czasie. Jednak NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) realizuje rozpoczêty w 2022 r. swój kolej- ny program ksiê¿ycowy – Artemis. Nazwa programu po- chodzi od greckiej bogini Artemidy, bliŸniaczej siostry Apolla, w mitologii greckiej uto¿samianej z Ksiê¿ycem, Selen¹, bêd¹c¹ personifikacj¹ Ksiê¿yca, a tak¿e córk¹ Thei. Celem programu Artemis jest ju¿ w 2025 r. wys³anie kolejnej za³ogowej wyprawy l¹duj¹cej na powierzchni Srebrnego Globu (w tym pierwszej kobiety i pierwszego astronauty rasy innej ni¿ bia³a), a w dalszej kolejnoœci budowa bazy naukowej na Ksiê¿ycu. Bêd¹ tam realizowa- ne nastêpne badania naszego naturalnego satelity oraz testowane systemy i urz¹dzenia niezbêdne do za³ogowej misji marsjañskiej (https://www.nasa.gov/specials/arte- mis/#top; 2023). Badania zwi¹zane z Ksiê¿ycem, jego budow¹ geologiczn¹ i zasobami surowcowymi staj¹ siê coraz bardziej zaawansowane. S¹ one logiczn¹ kontynu- acj¹ programów ksiê¿ycowych z XX w. – amerykañskiego Apollo i radzieckiego £una, a tak¿e dope³nieniem i rozsze- rzeniem obecnie trwaj¹cego programu chiñskiego Chang’e i indyjskiego Chandrayaan. Obecnie badania Ksiê¿yca s¹ ju¿ na tyle zaawansowa- ne, ¿e wchodz¹ w fazê umo¿liwiaj¹c¹ okreœlanie potencjal- nych surowców wystêpuj¹cych na powierzchni Srebrnego Globu, a nawet szacowanie ich zasobów. S³u¿yæ ma to przede wszystkim rozpoznaniu terenu i jak najlepszemu przygotowaniu siê do zlokalizowania w odpowiednim miejscu baz lub osiedli ksiê¿ycowych, które mog³yby goœciæ sta³¹ kilkuosobow¹ za³ogê przez d³ugi okres czasu i dzia³aæ w jak najwiêkszej mierze autonomicznie, tzn. w oparciu o wykorzystanie lokalnie dostêpnych surowców (tzw. SRU lub ISRU – Space Resource Utilization lub In Situ Resource Utilization; Anand i in., 2012; Schwandt 26 Przegl¹d Geologiczny, vol. 72, nr 1, 2024; http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/2024.2 1 Wydzia³ Geoin¿ynierii, Górnictwa i Geologii, Politechnika Wroc³awska, Wybrze¿e S. Wyspiañskiego 27, 50-370 Wroc³aw; Tadeusz.Przylibski@pwr.edu.pl; Mateusz.Szczesniewicz@pwr.edu.pl; Konrad.Blutstein@pwr.edu.pl; ORCID ID: Tadeusz A. Przy- libski – 0000-0002-8094-7944, Konrad Blutstein – 0000-0003-1337-774X; Mateusz Szczêœniewicz – 0000-0003-2006-7950 T.A. Przylibski M. Szczêœniewicz K. Blutstein