Long-COVID Symptoms and Associated Predictors: A Study on Indian Cohort Sapna S Mishra 1† , Hritik Gupta 2† , Tapan K. Gandhi 1 *, and Bharat B. Biswal 3 * Affiliations: 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India 2 Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, USA † Authors have contributed equally * Corresponding Authors: 1. Tapan Kumar Gandhi E-mail: tgandhi@iitd.ac.in 2. Bharat B. Biswal E-mail: biswal@njit.edu Abstract The long-term effects of COVID-19 have posed individuals with psychological issues along with physiological ailments. These issues include lack of concentration, memory recall issues, and anxiety issues that are understood as part of long-COVID symptoms among COVID-recovered individuals which usually present themselves 2-3 months post-recovery. Our study aimed at understanding these long-term post-COVID symptoms among the general Indian population. This two-part study employed survey methodology wherein self-reported information such as fatigue experienced in life spheres and symptoms experienced in past months, along with additional information such as age and sex were reported by the participants along with the hospitalization status which was disclosed by the COVID-19-recovered individuals. Study 1 reported and compared the symptoms of COVID-recovered individuals (N=62) with healthy controls (N=36). Despite unrefreshing sleep being reported as a common trait among the two groups, it was significantly linked to post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms among the COVID-recovered group and did not result in manifestations of these symptoms in the Controls. Further, predictive models for these symptoms, namely, lack of concentration, memory recall issues, anxiety issues, and fatigue were explored in Study 2. These post-COVID symptoms were modeled using logistic regression with unrefreshing sleep, hospitalization station, and sex of participants as the predictors. Using statistical tests on the models we found that unrefreshing sleep is an important predictor of attention issues, anxiety issues, and fatigue among COVID-recovered individuals (N=57). Other predictors, such as the hospitalization status and sex were not found to significantly affect these reported symptoms. Keywords: long-COVID, brain fog, post-COVID symptoms, fatigue, anxiety Introduction In terms of its impact, the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought havoc on a global scale in people's lives, livelihoods, and mental health and continues to have significant long-term impacts on our lives (Zarei et al., 2022, Troncone et al., 2023). Across multiple studies, symptoms like brain fog, fatigue,