NIU Journal of Social Sciences
101
NIU Journal of Social Sciences Copyright©2023
Nexus International University ISSN: 3007-1682; 9(4): 101- 110
Socio-Economic Drivers of Climate Change Perception in Metropolitan Cities of Sub-
Saharan Africa
SAMUEL OSAYAMEN TONGO, OLANREWAJU TIMOTHY DADA,
OLUWAFEMI MICHAEL ODUNSI, SOBOWALE TOLULOPE OLADIMEJI
FESTUS OSARUMWENSE UZZI
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
Abstract. This research used the metropolitan cities
of Kano and Lagos in Nigeria to assess socio-
economic variables that drive the perception of the
two broad classes of climate change beliefs: "climate
change is real" and "humans cause climate change."
The multistage sampling technique was used to
respectively select 134 and 278 respondents across
the different neighbourhoods in Kano and Lagos
metropolises. Uniformly in Kano and Lagos
metropolises, beliefs in climate change reality and the
human cause were influenced by residents' age,
parental status, and level of education.
Anthropogenic climate sceptics were strongly
influenced by ethnicity in both Kano and Lagos
metropolises. While Muslim-dominated Kano mostly
believes climate change is occurring but not caused
by human activity, the Christian-dominated Lagos
believes in climate change's reality and human cause.
The results can assist the government in knowing
how to embark on enlightenment and environmental
education where all socio-economic status will be
captured.
Keywords: climate change, perception, beliefs,
socio-economics, ill-health, Nigeria
1. Introduction
Globally, there is abounding evidence of the effects
of human-induced climate change on socio-economic
systems and physical processes (United Nations
Foundation-Sigma, 2007). However, there are diverse
beliefs because of a consensus gap across countries
on the perception of human-induced changes (Dunlap
and Jacques, 2013). Some believe that human-made
climate change is happening, while others do not.
Other beliefs are convinced that climate change but
do not support the view that humans drive these
changes. What this implies is that there is still some
denial that the climate is changing and disbelief in
human causation, despite the weight of scientific
evidence on the current existence and future
worsening of climate change as well as its causes and
consequences (Whitmarsh, 2011; IPCC, 2014; Gueye
et al., 2015). For instance, Rahmstorf (2004)
identified three opinions about climate change
scepticism. These are trend, attribution, and impact
scepticisms. According to him, trend sceptics do not
believe at all in the existence of climate change. In
contrast, attribution sceptics accept its reality but do
not agree that man contributes to its cause. Impact
sceptics, however, believe in climate variability and
its anthropogenic factors but deny the attendant risks
and effects.
Furthermore, Sibley and Kurz (2013) classified these
opinions into four. These are climate believers,
undecided/neutral, climate sceptics, and
anthropogenic climate sceptics. Sibley and Kurz
(2013) further submitted that climate believers
believe in reality and human cause, while climate
sceptics are sceptical about reality and human cause.
The anthropogenic climate sceptics believe climate
change is occurring but not caused by human activity,
and the undecided/neutral are not sure about both
reality and human cause. Thus, it is conclusive that
gaps exist between scientific evidence and perception
of climate change, yet the gaps are hardly
accommodated in climate change modeling.
Perhaps more importantly, studies have not examined
the core variables underpinning belief in the reality of
climate change and anthropogenic climate change in
developing nations. As such, this study explores how