Kumari et al., International Journal on Emerging Technologies 14(1): 01-08(2023) 1 International Journal on Emerging Technologies 14(1): 01-08(2023) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-8364 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3255 Herbal Nanoparticles to Control Fertility and Regulation: A Review Suman Kumari, Ashish Kumar Kansotiya, Neha Bharti, Prity Yadav and Pratap Chand Mali* Reproductive Biomedicine and Natural Product Lab, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302004, India. (Corresponding author: Pratap Chand Mali*) (Received 05 January 2023, Revised 15 February 2023, Accepted 20 February 2023) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: Nowadays rapidly and continuously increasing population is creating a significant problem with adverse social, economic, personal, and health outcomes and environmental damage. There are many options available in the market for birth control. Due to the side effects of allopathic or synthetic medicine, herbal medicines are becoming popular day by day since herbal drugs are found safe, economical, and readily available for therapeutic uses. Medicinal plants are regarded as rich resources of traditional medicines; many modern medicines are produced from these plants. The usefulness of herbal medicines can be increased with the help of nanoparticles. A nanoparticle can be defined as a particle of matter that is between 1- 100 nanometers in diameter. Nanoparticles have several properties that distinguish them from bulk materials simply by size, chemical reactivity, absorption, and biological mobility. Herbal nanoparticles are also used in anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant drugs. Plants have various metabolites that can cause potent antifertility and fertility. This is high time when active components of herbal plants should be further investigated for their antifertility activity. This review aims to provide glimpses and emphasize the importance of herbal nanoparticles in fertility control. Keywords: Population, nanoparticles, plants, antifertility, anticancer. I. INTRODUCTION The world population is growing in an uncontrolled manner. The continued rise in population is a major concern in both developed and developing countries today. It is expected that the world population will reach more than 11 billion by 2050 (Census of India, 2011). The current average population rise is approximately 81 million people per year, and the present world population is 8 billion (World population clock, 2022). Among developing countries, India is highly populated and predicted to reach approx. 9.2 billion by the year 2050. The rapidly increasing human population leads to increased demands for natural resources and creates pressure since resources are limited [7,70]. Particularly in growing countries like India, overpopulation is a critical matter because it has many fatal effects – • Degradation of environment and natural resources • Conflicts and wars • Rise in unemployment • High cost of living • Malnutrition and starvation • Water shortage • Lower life expectancy • Extinction of wildlife • Faster climate change [69] To control population exploitation and its detrimental impacts, contraception is an essential measure [14]. The available modern methods to control fertility in males and females are as follows (Fig. 1) [68]. e t