Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoderma journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoderma Effect of rosewood plantation chronosequence on soil attributes in Central Amazonia Pedro Medrado Krainovic a, ⁎ , Rodrigo Pinheiro Bastos b , Danilo Roberti de Almeida c , Afrânio Ferreira Neves Junior d , Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio a , Luiz Augusto Gomes de Souza a , Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão a a National Institute of Amazonian Research – INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, AM, Brazil b Insitute of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg Campus, 1958, Denmark c Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo – USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil d Federal University of Amazonas – UFAM, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil ARTICLE INFO Handling Editor: Morgan Cristine L.S. Keywords: Amazon planted forest Endangered tree Species conservation Recovery areas Silviculture ABSTRACT Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is an endangered Amazonian tree species that produces a commercially valuable essential oil, used mainly in cosmetics and fine fragrances production. The species can also be used in reforestation programs, which generate jobs and as a source of income and reduce the pressure of exploitation on natural rosewood populations. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of rosewood stands on physical and chemical soil attributes. This study was conducted at a rural farm in the Maués municipality, 350 km from Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Samples were collected in five areas; 4-, 10- and 20-year-old rosewood stands, and 15- and 60-year-old secondary forests. The latter two served as control treatments, re- flecting natural spontaneous succession conditions over time. Soil was sampled at 10 equidistant points within each area to measure physicochemical attributes, and at the center of each one, a soil profile was dug for description and classification of morphological characteristics. Based on the profile description, the soils were classified as Xanthic Hapludox. The results show that soil conditions under 20-year-old rosewood stand re- sembled those beneath the 60-year-old secondary forest, and likewise for the soil under the 10-year-old rose- wood stand and the 15-year-old secondary forest. The soil bulk density ranged from 0.81 to 0.99 g cm −3 among all areas and no significant difference was found (P = 0.052). With exception to 4-year-old stand, the organic matter (2.68–5.87%) and carbon stock (18.57–31.71 Mg ha −1 ) did not differ significantly between stands and control treatments. For the soil macronutrients, nitrogen (0.10–0.22%), phosphorus (1.17–11.70 mg kg −1 ), calcium (0.03–0.31 mg kg −1 ) and magnesium (0.02–0.16 mg kg −1 ) were higher or equal in the rosewood stands in comparison to the two controls, while the potassium values (0.03–0.36 mg kg −1 ) were significantly higher in 60-year-old secondary forests only compared to the 10-year-old rosewood stands (P = 0.005). The soil beneath the 4-year-old rosewood stand, however, differed from the other four areas, having significantly higher natural clay content (> 600 g kg −1 ) and higher topsoil chemical concentrations, associated with the more recent burning. This result represents the first step in addressing concern about sustainable soil use in rosewood forestry economics. Consequently, this kind of rosewood plantation can be recommended as an appropriate use of his- torically exploited areas, providing economic return from local biodiversity. 1. Introduction The rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Lauraceae) is an Amazonian tree species that was, for decades, over-exploited for its essential oil, which is in high demand in the world's fine perfumery industry (Fidelis et al., 2012; Krainovic et al., 2017a). The exploitation of this species initially followed a classic extractivist model, with individuals of all ages and sizes cut indiscriminately and with no attempt to regenerate populations (Sampaio et al., 2007). As a result, rosewood is now con- sidered as an endangered species in the wild (IUCN, 2015). In Brazil, existing legislation permits the commercialization of ro- sewood essential oils only when they have been obtained from com- mercial plantations (MMA, 2014; Krainovic et al., 2017a). Rosewood plantations have helped reduce the pressure on natural populations https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113952 Received 21 November 2018; Received in revised form 24 August 2019; Accepted 30 August 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: pedrokrainovic@hotmail.com (P.M. Krainovic). Ge der a 5 ) 95 A a abe e Se e ber 9 © 9 E se er B V A rg s reser ed