 Corresponding author: Ida Bagus Alit. Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0. Characteristics physical and chemical properties of fuel from plastic waste for mineral water glasses Ida Bagus Alit * and I Made Mara Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Mataram- Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 2024, 11(01), 268–273 Publication history: Received on 30 November 2023; revised on 13 February 2024; accepted on 15 February 2024 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.11.1.0050 Abstract This research aims to convert plastic waste, especially plastic cups for packaging mineral water, into fuel oil through a pyrolysis process. The experimental method used is with the following stages: first, 1kg of plastic raw material is chopped before being put into a pyrolysis tube. Next, the tube is heated to change the plastic into a liquid form which then evaporates. The hot steam from this plastic is channeled to a heat exchanger to be condensed. Cooling is carried out using water flowing in the opposite direction to the direction of the steam. The results of plastic vapor condensation are collected to analyze their physical and chemical properties. Testing of physical and chemical properties includes specific gravity, heating value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, ash, lead and sulfur content. The result is that fuel from plastic bottle waste has a density value of 742 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 1.76 cSt, lower heating value of 43.28 MJ/kg, flash point of 1 O C, ash, lead and sulfur content respectively of 0.003905%, 0.0000231%, and 0.000462%. Keywords: Plastic waste; Pyrolysis; ; Heat exchanger; Physical and chemical properties 1. Introduction Plastic is a type of polymer that has unique and extraordinary characteristics. Polymers themselves are materials formed from molecular units known as monomers [1]. The use of plastic is generally widespread in society because of its advantages, such as the ability to be shaped according to needs, easy to carry, and affordable prices. However, plastic has weaknesses, especially in that it is difficult to decompose by soil, which can cause environmental pollution. Plastic can be divided into two types, namely thermoset plastic and thermoplastic plastic. Thermosetting plastic cannot be recycled because its polymer structure forms a three-dimensional network. Examples of thermosetting plastics include PU (Poly Urethene), UF (Urea Formaldehyde), MF (Melamine Formaldehyde), polyester, epoxy, and so on. Meanwhile, thermoplastic plastic can be molded repeatedly by heating. Thermoplastic plastics involve PP, PE, PS, ABS, SAN, nylon, PET, BPT, Polyacetal (POM), PC, and others [2]. Indonesia is ranked second as a producer of plastic waste after China [3], indicating the potential for significant environmental impacts. The Indonesian government has committed to reducing plastic waste through the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) program, with a target of reducing it by 70% by 2025 [4]. Several studies have been carried out in an effort to contribute to plastic waste management. The Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) model highlights the importance of collaboration between stakeholders, landfills, and waste processing facilities [5]. Reducing plastic waste can also be achieved through policies limiting the use of plastic bags, as has been implemented by several countries such as Denmark, China, Bangladesh, South Africa and Belgium, either through bans or taxes [6]. Tertiary recycling involves the conversion of plastic waste into fuel oil, which can be achieved through a cracking process. This cracking process aims to break down plastic polymer chains into compounds with lower molecular weights. The results of plastic cracking can be used as chemicals or fuel, and there are three types of cracking processes that are commonly used [7]: a. Hydro Cracking: Hydro cracking involves the reaction