Acta Scientific PAEDIATRICS (ISSN: 2581-883X) Volume 6 Issue 10 December 2023 The Risk Factor Associated with Relapse in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome- A Hospital Based Retrospective Study Shamsun Nahar Shanta 1 *, Afroza Begum 2 , Syed S Haque 3 , Tahmina Jesmin 3 , Abdullah-Al Mamun 4 , Shanjida Sharmim 4 , Ashiqur Rahman Khan 5 and Ashraful Islam 6 1 Medical Officer, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3 Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 5 Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Colonel Maleque Medical College, Manikganj, Bangladesh 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Comilla Medical College, Comilla, Bangladesh *Corresponding Author: Shamsun Nahar Shanta, Medical Officer, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. E-mail: shantabm8@gmail.com Research Article Received: March 15, 2023 Published: November 28, 2023 © All rights are reserved by Shamsun Nahar Shanta., et al. Abstract Background: NS is a disease of relapse. So, it is very important to find out such children who are prone to develop frequent relapses and the predictors responsible for deterioration. This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from September 2016 to August 2017. Methods: A total of 75 patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) with the initial attack, aged 1–18 years, were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with prednisolone 60 mg/m2/day, single morning dose for six weeks, followed by 40 mg/m2 every alternate day for another six weeks and were analyzed and followed up for a minimum period of six months to identify the risk factors related to relapses. Result: Among them, 50 (66.7%) were males, 25 (33.3%) were females, with a male: female ratio of 2:1. Ten (13.3%) children had no relapse, 18 (24.0%) had infrequent relapse, and 40 (53.3%) had frequent relapse. Children responding between 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment had a higher chance of relapse (P = 0.002) than those who responded less than one week. Only urinary and respiratory tract infections are independent risk factors for subsequent relapse. Children with INS who have UTI at onset had a 1.55 times more chance for further relapse, and RTI caused a 1.42 times more chance for relapse. Patients with low serum albumin have 1.91 times more chance for relapse than those with high albumin, with insignificant association. Conclusion: Young age at diagnosis of INS, male gender, low serum albumin, and infections were predictive risk factors of multiple relapses. So, physicians should be vigilant to monitor these patients closely and counsel the families of nephrotic children regarding the prediction of subsequent relapses and outcomes. Keywords: Children; INS; Risk Factor DOI: 10.31080/ASPE.2023.06.0636 Citation: Shamsun Nahar Shanta., et al. “The Risk Factor Associated with Relapse in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome- A Hospital Based Retrospective Study". Acta Scientific Paediatrics 6.10 (2023): 49-53.