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International Journal of Mosquito Research 2024; 11(1): 111-117
ISSN: 2348-5906
CODEN: IJMRK2
IJMR 2024; 11(1): 111-117
© 2024 IJMR
https://www.dipterajournal.com
Received: 09-11-2023
Accepted: 14-12-2023
Amit Kumar Verma
Faculty, Department of
Pharmacy, MJP Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly & Post
Doctoral Researcher, Manipur
International University,
Imphal, Manipur, India
Preeti Mishra
Faculty, Raja Balwant Singh
Engineering Technical Campus,
Bichpuri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Harikumar Pallathadka
Faculty, Manipur International
University, Imphal, Manipur,
India
Grihalaxmi N
Faculty, Manipur International
University, Imphal, Manipur,
India
Surabhi Shakya
Department of Pharmacy, MJP
Rohilkhand University, Bareilly,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Corresponding Author:
Amit Kumar Verma
Faculty, Department of
Pharmacy, MJP Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly & Post
Doctoral Researcher, Manipur
International University,
Imphal, Manipur, India
Evaluation of mosquito repellency activity using
mosquito cage method
Amit Kumar Verma, Preeti Mishra, Harikumar Pallathadka, Grihalaxmi
N and Surabhi Shakya
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/23487941.2024.v11.i1b.751
Abstract
Essential oils are the well-known ingredients for their repellency activity. But the essential oils have the
volatile constituents which vaporize due to course of time. The approach for encapsulation of essential
oils in the micro-range provides the controlled release for the oils and gave the activity for longer
duration of time. In the present study, Lavender and ylang-ylang oil encapsulated by the polymer ethyl-
cellulose in the micron range and further incorporated in the carbopol gel. The FTIR data of lavender and
ylang-ylang oils showed the peak at 1735.5 cm
-1
and 1749 cm
-1
respectively for the presence of C=O
group. The prepared gel evaluated for its mosquito repellency activity, the gel showed the repellency of
about 85% and was safe for the application. The MTT assay on the cell line indicates the IC50 value was
724.9±0.162 μg/ml. GC-MS confirms the linalool as its main constituent.
Keywords: Mosquito repellency, essential oil, lavender oil, ylang-ylang oil, GC-MS
Introduction
The most significant insects for public health are mosquitoes, as they can spread a variety of
diseases as Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and Chikungunya, malaria, filariasis, and
encephalitis, which together account for millions of fatalities annually. Mosquitoes are
members of the Culicidae family of (Verma et al. 2023)
[10]
Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and
Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) are the primary urban vectors of Japanese
encephalitis, chikungunya, dengue fever, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Additionally, allergic
reactions from mosquito bites can result in systemic reactions including urticarial and localized
cutaneous reactions. One way to avoid mosquito bites is to wear protective gear or using the
mosquito repellent formulations. The formulations based on essential oils are also showing
effective results in terms of repellency (Sritabutra et al., 2013)
[14]
. Mosquitoes are mainly
invertebrates. About 3000 of mosquito’s species transmit disease when compared to other
creatures in the world. Both female and male mosquitoes feed on the same kind of food.
However, the female mosquitoes are only responsible for the transmission of the pathogens
(Mishra et al., 2023)
[7]
. Many cultures have been using essential oils for medical and
therapeutic purposes for thousands of years. Concentrated hydrophobic liquid with volatile
substances that readily evaporate at room temperatures are the plant-derived chemical
compounds. Their antidepressant, stimulating, detoxifying, antiviral, anti-bacterial, repellency
power (Mishra P et al., 2023)
[8]
and relaxing qualities have led to their recent surge in
popularity as a safe, natural, and affordable therapy for various health issues. Essential oils
(EOs) are fragrant substances that are abundant in oil sacs or oil glands located at varying
depths within the fruit peel, primarily in the flavedo portion and cuticles (Harman et al., 2019)
[6]
.
The primary issue that has been resolved by the development of numerous encapsulation
techniques is the management of excessive volatility of EOs. By use of a physical or chemical
contact with a matrix, encapsulation can hold essential oils longer. Nearly all applications of
EOs necessitate longer retention periods and various release schedules (Maes et al., 2019)
[2]
.
Essential oils are volatile substances that quickly evaporate and lose their effectiveness in the
presence of even a small amount of heat.