(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 6, No. 12, 2015 A Survey on the Internet of Things Software Arhitecture Nicoleta-Cristina Gaitan 1,2 , Vasile Gheorghita Gaitan 1,2 , Ioan Ungurean 1,2 1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2 Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD) Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania Abstract—The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept and a paradigm that considers the pervasive presence in the environment of a variety of things/objects through wired or wireless that are uniquely addressed and are able to interact with each other and cooperate with other things/objects in order to create new applications/services and to achieve common objectives. IoT defines a new world where the real, the digital and the virtual converge to create an environment that makes the energy, transport, city, and many other areas to become more intelligent. The IoT purposed is to validate the connection type: anytime, anywhere, and everything and everyone. IoT may be considered as a network of physical objects with embedded communication technologies that 'feel' or interact with internal or external environment. This paper presents a survey on the Internet of Things software architectures that meets the requirements listed above. Keywords—middleware; Internet of Things; things; software architecture I. INTRODUCTION The Internet of Things is a paradigm that is included in the Internet of the Future. According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [1], the Internet of Things will connect the world’s objects, both in sensory and intelligent way. The ITU proposed an Internet of Things ecosystem that included all things from everyday live. The Ecosystem proposed by ITU [1] can be represented according to the Fig. 1 [2]. The scanners are used to identify the things (by labels or RFID tags). These scanners can transmit the locations of the things to the others systems (upper layer). Middleware systems and development tools can be used to design applications and services that use the information from the things. This information can be stored in the cloud and can be accessed through the Internet providing greater flexibility of the services. Currently, there is no definition for the Internet of things [3] accepted by the scientists. Because the terms Internet of Things is widely and increasingly used, in the specialized literature can be found several definitions of the IoT. A definition of the IoT is the following [4]: "global network of interconnected objects that are unique addressable based on the standard communication protocols." Another definition is provided by Atzori et al [5] that included the services provided by the things with virtual identity and the capability to communicate in the virtual environment. Other definitions and models can be found in [6]-[10]. The Internet of things includes the existing technologies such as Machine-to-Machine (M2M) [11], [12], wireless sensor networks (WSN), RFID, embedded systems, etc. The challenges of the Internet of Things are [6]-[10]: data confidentiality and encryption, security, safety, information privacy, standardization, naming, and identity. The paper is organized as follows: Section II presents the IoT architectures presented in the specialized literature, and the conclusions are drawn in section III. II. THE IOT ARCHITECTURES This section will be an overview of the variously proposed architectures for IoT. Fig. 2 presents an IoT model which can have up to five layers and different names of the layers. Fig. 1. The Internet of Things Ecosystem [1] The perception layer (Layer 1) [14] represents the sense organs of the IoT and deals, mainly, with objects identification and data collection. The perception layer includes 2-D barcodes tag readers, RFID tags and appropriate readers/inscriptions, cameras, GPSs, sensors, terminals, sensor networks, etc. Its main task is to identify the object and collect information. In [15], Layer 1 is called the sensing layer and is similar to the perception layer in [14] but it is proposed as an innovative fusion between RFID and wireless sensor networks (WSN) called EPC sensor networks. It has the same meaning and name as the sensor layer in [16], indicating that it defines an additional base station. Another name for Layer 1 is given 140 | Page www.ijacsa.thesai.org