IJCSN International Journal of Computer Science and Network, Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2015 ISSN (Online) : 2277-5420 www.IJCSN.org Impact Factor: 0.417 619 WSN and its Application Prachi Arora M.Tech, Central university of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India Abstract - The area of wireless sensor network is one of the emerging and fast growing field in the world but a key issue in WSN is maximizing the network lifetime. Network lifetime is important in sensor node when the sensor node, distributed typically in remote area is powered by finite energy batteries. This brought about low cost, low power and multifunctional sensor nodes. However, the major fact that sensor node run out of energy quickly has been an issue and many energy routing protocols have been proposed to sort out the problem and increase the longetivity of the network. This is the only reason why routing protocol in WSN mainly focus on the power conservation. Most of the protocol is designed to minimize the energy conservation in sensor network. This thesis work proposed a hierarchical routing technique which shows energy. Keywords - WSN, Sensor Node, Energy Efficiency, Power Consumption. 1. Introduction WSN is an important subsidiary of the wireless communication network. The sensor are spatially distributed to monitor physical or environmental condition such as temp, sound, pressure etc and to cooperatively pass their data through the network. WSN is built of nodes that consists of large no of sensor nodes of small size, low power, low cost with limited memory, comm. Resources and a base station these nodes continuously supervise in environment and collect the information and then finally transmit to the base station A WSN consist of hundreds or thousands of nodes. The Sensor nodes within a sensor field transmit their data to the destination through some intervening node. The destination is connected to a central gateway that is also known as BS. Finally this Central gateway provides a connection when data is collect, process and analyzed. This paper gives a brief introduction about WSN with its components and classification and architecture, various aspects, energy consumption reasons and solutions for energy efficiency and applications of WSN. Fig. 1 Example of WSN The WSN consist of two components Sensor node Base station Sensor node: are typically made of few sensors. Sensor is a device which senses the information and sends it on a mote. It is typically used to measure the change in physical parameter like temperature, pressure, sound and vibration. A mote that contain processor, memory, battery , A/D convertor for connecting sensor to sensor and a radio transceiver for forming an ad-hoc network. A mote and sensor together form a sensor node .A sensor network is a wireless ad-hoc network of sensor network. Each sensor node can sustain a multi hop routing algorithm and function as forwarded for relying data packet to base station. Base station – connects the sensor network to another network, as it includes antenna, processor radio board and USB interface board. Deployment of the base station in a WSN plays a very crucial role, as all sensor node hand over data to a base station for further processing and decision making of data. Thereabout base stations are static in nature but in same situation they are assumed to be mobile to collect data from sensor node.