EDUCATUM JSMT Vol. 10 No.2 (2023) ISSN 2289-7070 / e-ISSN 2462-2451 (19-28) https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/EJSMT/index 19 Mapping of Philippine Kto10 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Probability and Statistics Klief F. Gratela 1* , Ryan V. Dio 2 , and Ritzelda A. Deri 3 1 San Francisco National High School, Bulan, Sorsogon, Philippines 123 Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines *Corresponding author: gratelaklief@gmail.com Published: 29 December 2023 To cite this article (APA): Gratela, K. F., Dio, R. V., & Deri, R. A. (2023). Mapping of Philippine Kto10 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Probability and Statistics. EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 10(2), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol10.2.3.2023 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol10.2.3.2023 ABSTRACT The complexity of Probability and Statistics Education was intensified by several concerns in the education sector brought by COVID-19 contagion. This study examined the Philippine Kto10 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Probability and Statistics by comparing the content topics and learning competencies with the Kto10 Mathematics Curriculum. This Critical-Qualitative approach of study used curriculum mapping as a method of analysis in the identification of the gaps in the MELCs across the grade level along with lesson continuity and lesson congestion backed up with the experiences and responses of 12-Math teachers (5 Elementary,7 Secondary) who were informants of the study. This investigation found out that the learning competencies in Probability and Statistics of the Kto10 Mathematics Curriculum were reduced (from 89 to 66 learning competencies) across grade level to cope up with the present educational crisis brought by the pandemic. The issuance of Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) arranged in increasing complexity was seen as a good initiative in decongesting the overcrowded Kto10 Mathematics Curriculum. However, gaps were still seen along lesson continuity across grade level particularly in grade 9 (no lesson in Probability and Statistics). This study provides insights among educational authorities and researchers to further explore how the Probability and Statistics are taught across grade level. It uncovers the gaps along lesson continuity and congestion for the need of revision of Philippine Kto10 Mathematics Curriculum. Keywords – Kto10 Mathematics Curriculum, Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs), Probability and Statistics, Curriculum mapping, New Normal Education INTRODUCTION Probability and Statistics as a content area of mathematics are facing with various challenges in the 21st century teaching and learning among basic education. The national educational system reforms, rapidly changing global standards, breakthroughs in information and communication technology (ICT), and the dynamic nature of the subject statistics were identified as causing challenges [1] have been strengthened by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic worldwide. Prior to the emergence of the pandemic, Statistics was one of the important areas of mathematics already faced with global issues and concerns. Learning and instruction statistics issues were compiled and divided into three categories by [20]. These issues were also backed by and traceable to numerous pertinent studies conducted around the world. One of these is the teaching and learning of statistics as a discipline, which has been linked to problems like statistics anxiety, a bad attitude toward statistics, the