https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063220910728
Sexual Abuse
1–21
© The Author(s) 2020
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/1079063220910728
journals.sagepub.com/home/sax
Article
Determinants of Sexual
Violence Against Married
Women: Qualitative
Evidence From Ghana
Gervin A. Apatinga
1
and Eric Y Tenkorang
1
Abstract
Some evidence suggests that in sub-Saharan Africa, sexual violence is commonplace
among married women, yet this problem is underresearched. Using qualitative methods
and applying Heise’s social-ecological model, this study examined the experiences of
15 Ghanaian women suffering sexual violence in their marriages. Results from the
thematic analysis indicate several determinants of sexual violence. Whereas some
participants identified macro-level and exosystem factors, including poverty, others
pointed to micro-level and ontogenic factors, such as husbands’ substance abuse. The
results corroborate the core idea of Heise’s framework, namely, that structural- and
individual-level factors make women vulnerable to violence. The study concludes that
Ghanaian legal and policy frameworks must be enforced and strengthened to address
the etiology of sexual violence and abuse.
Keywords
married women, sexual violence, violence, Ghana, Eastern Region, Africa
Introduction
Sexual violence is defined as “any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, or other
act directed against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of
their relationship to the victim, in any setting including but not limited to home and
work” (Jewkes et al., 2002, p. 149). It is a common public health problem that violates
the fundamental human rights of victims and exposes them to other risks and vulner-
abilities. It occurs in various forms, including but not limited to rape, sexual slavery,
1
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
Corresponding Author:
Eric Y Tenkorang, Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave.,
St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7.
Email: ytenko@yahoo.com
910728SAX XX X 10.1177/1079063220910728Sexual AbuseApatinga and Tenkorang
research-article 2020