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International Journal of Criminal, Common and Statutory Law 2023; 3(2): 55-63
E-ISSN: 2789-9500
P-ISSN: 2789-9497
IJCCSL 2023; 3(2): 55-63
© 2023 IJCCSL
www.criminallawjournal.org
Received: 23-06-2023
Accepted: 27-07-2023
Seun Omowonuola Afolayan
Lecturer, Department of Private
and Property Law, Faculty of
Law, Ekiti State University,
Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Corresponding Author:
Seun Omowonuola Afolayan
Lecturer, Department of Private
and Property Law, Faculty of
Law, Ekiti State University,
Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Comparative legal analysis of the offence of rape in
Nigeria, United Kingdom and the United States of
America
Seun Omowonuola Afolayan
Abstract
This paper examined the comparative analysis of the offense of rape in Nigeria, United Kingdom and the
United States of America. It differentiated what constitutes the offense of rape in these jurisdictions. The
paper also highlighted the menace of the offense of rape and the new trend of the offense of rape in the
21st century. The methodology used is doctrinal approach, as research was done through the use of
textbooks, constitutions and judicial precedents. The paper found that the concept of marital rape does
not exist under the Nigerian law because the evidence of a valid and subsisting marriage between an
accused husband and the woman will negate the offence of rape since sexual intercourse is one of the
incidents of a valid marriage and a man is deemed in law to have obtained perpetual consent of his wife
at marriage thereby removing any likelihood of an allegation of ‘unlawful carnal knowledge of his wife.
It was finally concluded that the Nigerian Criminal and Penal Codes being of foreign sources and origin,
but now regulating our criminal justice system might require some significant amendments that would
take into consideration the societal peculiarities of Nigeria which criminal administration it relates.
Keywords: Rape, penetration, consent, force, seduce, spousal-rape
Introduction
Rape is one of the oldest crimes in human history. All over the world, rape is a crime but
definitions and punishments for the offence differ from place to place. It has also been noticed
that rape cases are reported more in western world than any other part of the globe. It is
believed that in Africa and Asia, rape victims usually lack the courage to speak out or report
their experiences to the law enforcement agencies due to negative societal attitude prevalent in
such countries. Rape thrives in secrecy and in a culture where victims are blamed for what
happens to them, instead of the perpetrators. In this paper, a comparative legal analysis of the
offence of rape in Nigeria, United States of America and the United Kingdom is critically
carried out and recommendations made on the solution to this menace.
Definitional Concept of Rape
In a simple language, rape may be defined as the act of a male person, having sexual
intercourse with a woman or a girl against her will, or without her consent. Rape is defined
under Section 357 of the Criminal Code which applies to the southern part of Nigeria in the
following words:
Any person who has unlawful carnal knowledge of a woman or girl, without her consent or
with her consent, if the consent is obtained by force or by means of threat or intimidation of
any kind, or by fear of harm, or by means of false and fraudulent representation as to the
nature of the act, or in the case of a married woman, by personating her husband, is guilty of
an offence which is called rape. It is punishable by imprisonment for life with or without
whipping.
The combined effect of the above provision is that a person is deemed to have committed the
offence of rape, when he has sexual relations or carnal knowledge of a woman or girl against
her will;
a) Without her consent or
b) While putting her in fear of death or hurt or
c) Personating the husband of the woman or
d) Having carnal knowledge of a girl under 14years, with or without her consent or
e) Having carnal knowledge of a girl with an unsound mind.