769 International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT)
ISSN: 2509-0119.
© 2020 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies
http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org Vol. 20 No. 1 April 2020, pp. 194-200
Corresponding Author: Sakina Saadawi 194
Physical Properties, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of
Raw South Africa Shea Butter against Samples from Libyan
Market
Sakina Saadawi
1*
, Khairi Ali Alennabi
2
, Hanin Nafed Mughrbi
1
, Kholoud Lotfi
1
, Nesrin Saleh Ali
Abdulnabi
3
1
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
2
Biotechnology Research Centre, Tripoli. Libya
3
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Abstract – Vigorous research has been conducted into the phenology of the shea tree, its usage and that of the shea butter extracted from
the nuts of the shea fruit. Shea butter is the most valuable product in the Shea tree and its use as raw or in cosmetic and pharmaceutical
products was expanded in the last years. The aim was to carry out comparative study between imported South African raw Shea Butter,
one sample from Poland and samples from Libyan market on their physical properties (organoleptic), thin layer chromatography (TLC)
chromatogram, phytochemical screening and diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity. As well as antimicrobial screening.
Organoleptic test was carried out by comparing color and odor. TLC chromatogram was performed by spotting solution of samples in
hexane on TLC plate and eluted twice in hexane: ethylacetate 8:2 to get good separation. Phytochemical screening was performed to
determine the presence of carbohydrates (Fehling test), steroids, and triterpens (Salkwiski test). DPPH assay was carried out by spraying
TLC sample spots by 0.2% DPPH methanolic solution. Antimicrobial test was conducted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus
aureus. Mueller-Hinton agar was used with ciprofolxacin as +ve control and DMSO as–ve control. As a result, Shea Butter samples
showed wide diversity in color and odor which considered normal except two white samples that might undergo refining process, while
spreadability and TLC chromatograms were similar. Samples and control showed presence of carbohydrates, steroids and triterpens.
Control and samples had DPPH scavenging activity. Shea Butter control and samples had no antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa
and S. aureus.
Keyword – Shea butter, DPPH, Organoleptic, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus.
I. INTRODUCTION
The shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is perennial and
deciduous and occurs mainly on dry open slopes [1]. The tree
has gained importance as an economic tree because of the
heavy demand for its butter both locally and internationally.
The shea tree also known as (Vitellaria paradoxa or
Butyrospermum parkii) [2] grows wildly in the dry savannah
belt of West Africa, from Senegal, in the west, to Sudan in the
east. It was reported that the shea tree produces fruit which has
multiple uses at the local level; it is highly nutritious and is
also a valuable commodity on the local, national and
international markets, making it the ideal candidate to research
and invest in [3]. Shea tree is the second most important oil
crop in Africa after palm oil [4], but as it grows in areas
unsuitable for palm growth, it takes on primary importance in
West Africa.
In traditional medicine, Shea butter has been employed in
the treatment of several ailments. It encourages wound healing
and soothes skin irritation. Shea-butter is also used to treat
inflammation, rashes in children, dermatitis, chapping and
ulcers, as well as rub for rheumatism [5]. Its leaf decoctions
are used for stomachache, headache and as an eye lotion.
Roots and root bark are taken orally to cure jaundice and