Earth-Science Reviews 253 (2024) 104795 Available online 3 May 2024 0012-8252/© 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Maturation from oceanic arcs to continental crust: Insights from Paleozoic magmatism in West Junggar, NW China Jiyuan Yin a, b, * , Wenjiao Xiao c , Tao Wang a , Mike Fowler d , Andrew C. Kerr e , Min Sun f , Rob Strachan d , He Huang a, * , Ji’en Zhang g , Wen Chen a , Zaili Tao a a SinoProbe Laboratory, MNR Key Laboratory of Isotope Geology, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China b State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University, Xi’an 710069,China c Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China d School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK e School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom f Department of Earth Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokflam Road, Hong Kong, China g State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Zircon Hf – O isotope Crustal growth Crustal maturation Intra-oceanic arc Central Asian Orogenic Belt ABSTRACT Understanding the processes involved in the transformation of juvenile basaltic oceanic arc crust into mature continental crust remains a key challenge in Earth sciences. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive synthesis of in situ zircon U – Pb age and Hf – O isotope data for Paleozoic intrusions within the West Junggar oceanic arc, NW China. Our study reveals four distinct pulses of magmatic activity: Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician (515 to 486 Ma); Late Ordovician to Middle Devonian (445 to 392 Ma); Early Carboniferous (343 to 310 Ma) and Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian (309 to 259 Ma). These pulses have varied spatial and temporal distributions. All magmatic rocks display consistently high zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotope values, but substantial variations in zircon O isotopes. There are two groups of intrusions: those with high zircon δ 18 O (>6.5‰) and those with mantle-like zircon δ 18 O (ca. 5.5‰). The high zircon δ 18 O intrusions are predominantly concentrated in the southern West Junggar and their Hf and Nd isotopes indicate the involvement of supracrustal material and juvenile basaltic crust in their petrogenesis. Binary mixing calculations indicate a contribution from the supracrustal rocks ranging from 10% to 50%. The intrusions with mantle-like zircon δ 18 O are found primarily in northern West Junggar with a small amount occurring in southern West Junggar. The intrusions record a variety of magma sources and processes as demonstrated by Hf–O isotope and geochemical data. These data indicate partial melting of metasomatized depleted mantle, mixing of depleted mantle and juvenile crust, and partial melting of trapped juvenile oceanic crust or mafic lower crust. Hf model ages reveal significant crustal growth in the West Junggar, characterized by three distinct episodes of crust formation occurring at approxi- mately 656–684 Ma, 524–536 Ma, and 441–471 Ma, involving periodic remelting of igneous material derived from a depleted mantle source. This newly-formed crust maintains a mantle-like oxygen isotope composition despite being repeatedly sampled by magmas for up to 0.26 Ga. Since the timing of crustal growth occurred independently of the major magmatic pulses, the latter reflect primarily reworking and remelting processes. Two significant episodes of magmatic activity, the late Silurian to early Devonian and the late Carboniferous to early Permian, preserve a signature of ocean ridge subduction. High-temperature magmatism during these periods promoted extensive melting of the mafic lower crust, oceanic crust, and supracrustal rocks, leading to the compositional transformation from basaltic to felsic continental crust. This comprehensive compilation provides valuable insights into granite petrogenesis, crustal evolution, and the diverse processes involved in the matu- ration of oceanic arc crust and its contribution to continental crust formation and evolution. * Corresponding authors at: SinoProbe Laboratory, MNR Key Laboratory of Isotope Geology, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. E-mail addresses: yinjiyuan1983@163.com (J. Yin), huanghecugb@126.com (H. Huang). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104795 Received 30 June 2023; Received in revised form 7 April 2024; Accepted 29 April 2024