Soft Computing
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-018-3007-2
FOCUS
Input–output performance efficiency measurement of an electricity
distribution utility using super-efficiency data envelopment analysis
Miriam F. Bongo
1
· Lanndon A. Ocampo
2
· Yannie Ann D. Magallano
3
· Geraldine A. Manaban
3
·
Ezra Kim F. Ramos
3
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract
This paper applies the conventional DEA model and super-efficiency analysis in measuring the efficiency of an electricity
distribution utility which involves 12 power lines as DMUs. The input indicators considered are purchased electricity supply
and the total length of power lines, while electricity consumed, the number of consumers, and total power losses are the
output indicators. The results revealed that 4 out of the 12 power lines are inefficient and thus need to be improved. The model
provided a guideline how these inefficiencies may be addressed by means of benchmarking.
Keywords Efficiency · Data envelopment analysis · Super-efficiency DEA · Electricity distribution utility
1 Introduction
Electricity plays a key role in keeping homes and businesses
running smoothly (Wang et al. 2013). It is very important
in terms of social equality and development (Yilmaz et al.
2015). Electricity supply is considered as a public service in
many countries; thus, it has to be delivered with high-quality
standards in an efficient and productive way.
Communicated by A. Genovese, G. Bruno.
B Miriam F. Bongo
miriam.bongo@yahoo.com
Lanndon A. Ocampo
lanndonocampo@gmail.com
Yannie Ann D. Magallano
annyiedeveyra@gmail.com
Geraldine A. Manaban
manabangeraldine@gmail.com
Ezra Kim F. Ramos
ezrakimramos@gmail.com
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,
University of San Carlos, 6000 Cebu City, Philippines
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, Cebu Technological
University, Corner M.J. Ave. & R. Palma St., 6000 Cebu City,
Philippines
3
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of San
Carlos, 6000 Cebu City, Philippines
An electricity distribution utility (EDU) consists of a very
complex system. It involves four processes, namely genera-
tion, transmission, distribution, and consumption that need
to be considered in terms of overall efficiency performance
(Tavassoli et al. 2015). Assessment in EDU is one of the most
important issues among regulators, especially in electricity
restructuring and reform (Azadeh et al. 2015). In specific, dis-
tribution process, along with transmission operations, must
be the center of addressing overall performance efficiency
(Tavassoli et al. 2015). Assessing its performance help reg-
ulators in planning for improvements to achieve customer
satisfaction as well as reduced cost. Furthermore, assessing
the significant, specific area of the network is an effective way
to clearly look into the sources of technical or operational
inefficiencies that would affect the quality of service. In spe-
cific, the direct advantage in the efficiency measurement is
to deliver quality service in terms of supply, minimum power
losses and cost; its indirect advantage is that the continuity of
supply of electricity will be improved, resulting in minimized
customers’ complaints.
Several efficiency measurements are employed in the
domain literature that relates to how EDUs can overcome
inefficiency issues. These methodologies include (1) stochas-
tic frontier panel data model to analyze cost efficiency
(Filippini and Wetzel 2014), (2) model predictive conditions
(MPC) for geographical load balancing in terms of elec-
tricity cost, renewable energy integration, and the number
of server switching (Paul et al. 2016), (3) stochastic fron-
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