Elite Journal of Public Health. Volume 2 Issue 8(2024), Pp. 44-55 https://epjournals.com/journals/EJPH Citation: Obeagu EI. Breaking Barriers: Mitigating Stigma to Control HIV Transmission. Elite Journal of Public Health, 2024; 2 (8): 44-55 1 Breaking Barriers: Mitigating Stigma to Control HIV Transmission Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda. * Corresponding authour: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com, ORCID: 0000-0002- 4538-0161 Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health concern, with stigma acting as a critical barrier to effective control and prevention. This review article delves into the complex interplay between stigma and HIV transmission, emphasizing the detrimental impact of societal attitudes on testing, treatment adherence, and healthcare access. Stigma perpetuates the cycle of transmission by fostering fear, discrimination, and reluctance to seek care, contributing to increased infection rates. Addressing stigma necessitates a comprehensive approach involving education, awareness campaigns, advocacy, and the creation of supportive environments. Efforts to mitigate stigma and discrimination not only enhance prevention strategies but also uphold the dignity and rights of individuals affected by HIV. This review advocates for a concerted global effort to break down barriers, combat stigma, and create inclusive systems that promote equitable access to healthcare and support services for all affected populations. Keywords: HIV, stigma, transmission, public health, awareness, education, discrimination, healthcare, social attitudes, prevention, advocacy Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a persistent global health challenge, affecting millions of lives and posing significant social, economic, and health implications worldwide. Despite remarkable advancements in medical science, the stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV continue to impede effective control measures and hinder progress toward curbing transmission rates. Stigma, deeply rooted in societal attitudes and misconceptions about HIV, acts as a formidable barrier, creating obstacles at every stage of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. 1- 10 The impact of stigma on HIV transmission extends far beyond individual experiences; it reverberates throughout communities and entire societies. Stigmatizing attitudes not only