Citation: Montés, N.; Barquero, S.;
Martínez-Carbonell, A.; Aloy, P.;
Ferrer, T.; Romero, P.D.; Millan, M.;
Salazar, A.d.S. Redefining STEAM to
STEAM ∀H (STEAM for All
Humanity) in Higher Education. Educ.
Sci. 2024, 14, 888. https://doi.org/
10.3390/educsci14080888
Academic Editors: Araceli Martinez
Ortiz, Jorge Membrillo-Hernández
and Anthony S. Torres
Received: 2 May 2024
Revised: 19 July 2024
Accepted: 3 August 2024
Published: 15 August 2024
Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
education
sciences
Article
Redefining STEAM to STEAM ∀H (STEAM for All Humanity) in
Higher Education
Nicolás Montés
1,
* , Sara Barquero
2
, Alfonso Martínez-Carbonell
3
, Paula Aloy
2
, Teresa Ferrer
2
,
Pantaleón David Romero
1
, Manuel Millan
4
and Arturo del Saz Salazar
2
1
Department of Mathematics, Physics and Technological Sciences, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/San
Bartolome 55, Alfara del Patriarca, CP 46115 Valencia, Spain; pantaleon.romero@uchceu.es
2
Department of Design and Architecture, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, C/San
Bartolome 55, Alfara del Patriarca, CP 46115 Valencia, Spain; sara@uchceu.es (S.B.);
paula.aloy@uchceu.es (P.A.); teresa.ferrer@uchceu.es (T.F.); arturo.delsaz@uchceu.es (A.d.S.S.)
3
Department of Political Science, Ethics and Sociology, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/Luis Vives 1,
Alfara del Patriarca, CP 46115 Valencia, Spain; alfonsomc@uchceu.es
4
Department of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising, University CEU Cardenal Herrera,
CEU Universities, C/Luis Vives 1, Alfara del Patriarca, CP 46115 Valencia, Spain; manuel.millan@uchceu.es
* Correspondence: nicolas.montes@uchceu.es
Abstract: This article presents the revision of the STEAM model originally proposed by Yakman,
in 2008, introducing the Human variable, as an extremely important element for the model, which
was defined as STEAM ∀H, where ∀H is for all Humanity. This proposal is motivated by several
factors. On the one hand, the evolution of industrial design from the 19th century to present, going
from designing objects focused on facilitating industrialization and focused on the user, to design
focused on the human being and humanity. On the other hand, since the formulation of the STEAM
model, different improvements have been proposed in the literature in order to introduce humanistic
disciplines into the model, also seeking to introduce society as a fundamental element. For example,
the literature has proposed the STREAM model, where R is religion, or STEAM-ED, where -ED
implies an approach based on the constructivist social theory. The STEAMS model, where S is Society,
has also been proposed to try to improve training in understanding society and the implications
of designing for it. Initially Yakman introduces the “A” in the STEM model as the sum of different
disciplines that use the word “art” in their description: Fine Arts, Physical Arts, Manual Arts and
Liberal Arts. The first three disciplines are associated with the practical and also creative part, while
the Liberal Arts approach various disciplines in the humanities and social areas. Yakman’s definition
of STEAM was quickly accepted and assimilated by the scientific community. However, for the
purposes of application, the “A” is treated fundamentally as that creative and artistic component
transversal to the rest of the model, relegating humanistic and social learning to the background. In
the first section of this article the redefinition of the “A” in the STEAM model is proposed, which was
originally defined by Yakman, by integrating the areas of Fine Arts, Physical Arts and Manual Arts;
adding ∀H, as STEAM ∀H, which integrates the Liberal Arts, defining the model as: “the learning of
Science and Technology interpreted through Engineering and Art based on the language of Mathematics and
taking into account the implications of Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math’ for all Humanity”
The second section of this article proposes the implementation in detail of the STEAM ∀H model in
higher education, specifically, in the first year of the Degree in Industrial Design Engineering and
Product Development, where the STEAM areas represented by the subjects of Physics, Mathematics,
Basic Design, Representation of Shapes, etc., must be integrated with the subject of Social Doctrine of
the Church. The model has been tested in three consecutive courses. An empirical qualitative study,
case study method was carried out thorugh multiple-question Likert scale questionnaries to analize
the perpective and perception of the participants to the new method. The frequency of the results
obtained are shown and analized at the end of the article.
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14, 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080888 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/education