Nikniaz Z et al. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD AND CANCER 12 IJBC 2022; 14(1): 12-17 Is Dietary Paern Associated with Gastric Cancer Risk? A Case- control Study in Iran Zeinab Nikniaz 1 , Mohammad Hossein Somi 1 , Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi 2 , Shahnaz Naghashi 1 , Elnaz Faramarzi 1 * 1 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Iran 2 Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ARTICLE INFO Original Article Article History: Received: 10.11.2021 Accepted: 28.02.2022 Keywords: Gastric cancer Dietary pattern Factor analysis Case-control study Iran *Corresponding author: Elnaz Faramarzi, Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, 3 rd floor, Imam Reza Hospital, Postal code:51679-93343, Tabriz, Iran Tel: +98 9149110561 Fax: +98 41 33360457 Email: elnazfaramarzi849@gmail.com ABSTRACT Background: Diet is considered as an important contributor to the development of the cancers. In the present study, the association of dietary patterns with gastric cancer risk was studied. Methods: In the present case-control study, 192 newly diagnosed gastric cancer patients and 365 subjects as control group were included. e participants in each group underwent face-to-face interview. For food pattern determination, a 100-item qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and exploratory factor analysis method were used. Logistic regression was used for determination of association between derived dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk. Results: Four major dietary patterns with 55.48% prediction rate, namely “tubers and spices”, “cereals and dairies”, “healthy” and “Western-style”, were identified. Tubers and spices [in males: 11.42 (4.17, 26.75); in females: 6.94 (2.24, 21.56)] and “Western-style” dietary patterns [ in males: 1.16 (1.00-4.35); in females: 2.25 (1.10, 6.49] significantly increased the odds of gastric cancer risk in both sex. However, “healthy” dietary pattern and “cereals and dairies” dietary pattern were not associated with gastric cancer risk (P>0.05). Conclusion: In Iranian population, consumption of diets high in tubers, spices and salts (labelled tubers and spices), processed meat, high energy drinks, snacks and desserts (labelled western-style) tended to increase the risk of gastric cancer. More longitudinal studies with large sample size and accurate estimate of dietary intake is suggested until more precise conclusion could be achieved. Iranian Journal of Blood & Cancer Journal Home Page: www.ijbc.ir Please cite this article as: Nikniaz Z, Somi MH, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Naghashi S, Faramarzi E. Is Dietary Pattern Associated with Gastric Cancer Risk? A Case-control Study in Iran. IJBC 2022; 14(1): 12-17. Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. It affects the patient’s quality of life and health. 1 Considering the high mortality rate of gastric cancer, primary prevention is an important approach for improvement of gastric cancer prognosis. 2 Many factors including genetic predisposition, lifestyle and environmental factors are considered as risk factors of gastric cancer. 3 Diet is also considered as one of the important contributors to cancers 4 and many attempts have been made to identify the important food and nutrients associated with gastric cancer. However, nutrients or foods are not consumed isolated and the aetiology of cancers could not be explained only by assessment of a single nutrient or food. 5 One of the approaches for assessment of the combined effect of nutrients and food is the dietary pattern approach. 6, 7 Using this approach, the complete picture of food and nutrient interactions and their synergic effects could be achieved and the link between diet and chronic disease could be evaluated. 8 Previously, the association between dietary pattern and gastric cancer risk have been investigated in some studies providing controversial results in different populations. In Uruguay, De Stefani et al, showed that starchy food [ DOI: 10.58209/ijbc.14.1.12 ] [ Downloaded from ijbc.ir on 2023-06-13 ] 1 / 6