~ 364 ~ International Journal of Research in Agronomy 2024; 7(1): 364-366 E-ISSN: 2618-0618 P-ISSN: 2618-060X © Agronomy www.agronomyjournals.com 2024; 7(1): 364-366 Received: 02-10-2023 Accepted: 08-11-2023 Shivam Kamboj M.Sc. Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India Ishwar Singh Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India Amit Dhankar Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India RK Behl Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India Ram Singh Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India NK Tiwari Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India Corresponding Author: Shivam Kamboj M.Sc. Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India Effect of nitrogen levels and green manuring on grain and straw yield in Basmati rice varieties Shivam Kamboj, Ishwar Singh, Amit Dhankar, RK Behl, Ram Singh and NK Tiwari DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060X.2024.v7.i1e.247 Abstract The field investigation entitled "Effect of nitrogen levels and green manuring on grain and straw yield of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties" was conducted at research farm of Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India during kharif 2022. The experiment treatments were arranged in split plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of four Basmati rice varieties Punjab Basmati 7, Punjab Basmati 5, Pusa Basmati 1718 and Pusa Basmati 1121 and seven combination treatments of green manuring (GM) and urea (Nitrogen) viz. T1 (No GM + 100% RDN), T2 (No GM + 10% more than RDN), T3 (GM + 10% more than RDN), T4 (GM + 10% less than RDN), T5 (GM + 20% less than RDN), T6 (GM + 30% less than RDN), T7 (No GM + 20% more than RDN) to supply nitrogen to the crop. The variety Punjab Basmati 7 had the highest growth, yield and yield attributes compared to other varieties. Likewise, for these traits treatment combination the treatment T3 [GM + 10% more than RDN (Urea)] registered better growth and yield parameters over other treatments. Therefore, it is recommended to optimize nitrogen levels in combination with green manuring for sustainable rice production. Keywords: Basmati rice, green manuring, Dhaincha, nitrogen levels, grain, straw yield Introduction Currently the world's population is 7.3 billion, and by the end of the 21st century, it is predicted to stabilise at 11.2 billion after rising to 8.5 and 9.7 billion in 2030 and 2050, respectively (UNDESA 2015). With a global consumption of 456 million tonnes, rice ( Oryza sativa L.) serves as the primary source of carbohydrate and nutrients for more than half of the world's population (Sanodiya and Singh, 2018) [9] . Most rice is consumed in Asia at over 100 kg per person anually (Dwiningsih and Alkahtani, 2023) [4] . More food grain production will be required on diminishing land and water resources to ensure food and nutritional security for the projected population of the country in 2050. Rice provides up to 780 and 689 kcal/capita/day of the food supply is Asia and India, respectively, (Rathna Priya et al., 2019) [10] . In India, rice is cultivated over area 46.28 million hectare with total production of 129.47 million tonnes and productivity of 2.79 tonnes (Indiastat, 2023) [5] . With more than 11% of worldwide production, India is the second-largest producer of rice second to china (30%) (Anonymous, 2020). Rice is produced (5.1 MT, annually) in India in the states like Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir. In Haryana, total rice area was 1281 hectares with a production of 4618.01 tonnes and productivity of 3605 kg ha -1 (Indiastat, 2023) [5] . The management of nitrogen in the production of Basmati rice is a crucial factor as the higher nitrogen dose leads to an increase in the incidence of pests, diseases, and crop lodging, which has a negative impact on the grain quality (Chau and Heong, 2005; Kowsalya et al., 2022) [2, 6] . Combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is regarded as the best method for managing nutrients because it improves nutrient use efficiency, preserves soil health, increases output, and lowers cultivation costs. Leguminous green manure crops have been widely reported to play a significant role in managing soil health and they have lately drawn more attention for enhancing soil fertility and agricultural sustainability (Zhang et al., 2023) [12] . In addition, green manure legume products biologically fix atmospheric N (Meena et al., 2018) [7] .