Overview of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects of Pollution in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria Pollution has taken on a Seeking Effective Solutions to Pollution Problems in Developing Countries global dimension, and the effects are most obvious in developing countries. The effects take a toll on hu- man health, animals, and vegetation, as well as on soil, air, and water quality. The objective of this article is to discuss the current relationships among pollution, environmental quality, and hu- man health within the frame of anthro- pogenic activities in developing countries. In addition to personal observations, we review relevant literature on conditions throughout the developing world and case studies on conditions and activities in Nigeria. Key find- ings show the significant, adverse contribu- tions to human health and environmental risk from current waste generation and han- dling practices, indoor and outdoor air pollu- tion, wastewater and effluent generation and disposal, the hazardous nature and pollution potential of wastes, and the human behaviors that contribute to pollution in developing countries. There is an urgent need to create awareness among the various segments of society of the human health hazards posed by pollution as well as a need for the comprehensive development and enforcement of appropriate policies to pre- vent a descent into an abyss of deteriorating human and environmental health. Joshua O. Babayemi Mary B. Ogundiran Oladele Osibanjo © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21480 Environmental Quality Management / DOI 10.1002/tqem / Fall 2016 / 51