_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: arushdi@kau.edu.sa, arushdi@ieee.org, alirushdi@gmail.com, arushdi@yahoo.com; Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 25(10): 1-15, 2018; Article no.JAMMR.40240 ISSN: 2456-8899 (Past name: British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, Past ISSN: 2231-0614, NLM ID: 101570965) Novel Pedagogical Methods for Conditional- Probability Computations in Medical Disciplines Rufaidah Ali Rushdi 1 , Ali Muhammad Rushdi 2* and Fayez Ahmed Talmees 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Arab Republic of Egypt. 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among the three authors. Author RAR envisioned and designed the study, performed the analysis, and solved the detailed running example. Author AMR introduced the tools of the Karnaugh map, normalized contingency table and SFG, and wrote the preliminary manuscript. Author FAT managed the literature search and drew the figures. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JAMMR/2018/40240 Editor(s): (1) Toru Watanabe, Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, Japan. Reviewers: (1) Daniel Palazuelos, Harvard Medical School, USA. (2) Dana Craciun, West University of Timisoara, Romania. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23806 Received 9 th January 2018 Accepted 20 th March 2018 Published 24 th March 2018 ABSTRACT There is a definite need for representations of and tools for conditional probability that enhance understanding, simplify calculations, foster insight, and facilitate reasoning. Such representations and tools are useful in a wide variety of disciplines, but their utility in medical contexts and applications are stressed herein, so as to address a clinical rather than a mathematical audience. We employ a plethora of time-tested pedagogical representations or tools of conditional probability including: (a) Visualization on Venn diagrams or Karnaugh maps, (b) Reformulation as natural frequencies, (c) Entity interrelations via Signal Flow Graphs, as (d) Specification of certain problem formats such as the format of Trinomial Graphs. The new representations or tools have well known histories of pedagogical advantages, but are still to be tested in the specific realm of conditional probability. Further assessment of the novel representations or tools proposed herein is needed. Each of these is to be taught to a group of students, and a control group of students is to be instructed via the conventional representation. Detailed statistical analysis of the Review Article