Urban Climate Resilience in MENA Region: Opportunities and Challenges of Nature- Based Solutions Tarek Ben Hassen and Yasmin Hageer Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 2 Sustainability Challenges in MENA Cities ...................................................... 4 Climate Change and Urbanization in the MENA Region ....................................... 7 Urban Nature-Based Solutions Approaches and Benefits in the MENA Region ............... 10 Challenges and Limitations of Implementing NbS in MENA ................................... 15 Conclusion and Future Directions ................................................................ 18 References ........................................................................................ 20 Abstract As the impacts of climate change intensify, urban areas in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are confronted with a convergence of critical water scarcity, extreme temperatures, and speedy urbanization. In light of these obsta- cles, innovative and sustainable urban planning and management strategies are required; in this regard, nature-based solutions (NbS) are a crucial instrument. Accordingly, this chapter aims to investigate the transformational potential of NbS in strengthening urban resilience to climate change in the MENA region. The chapter begins by contextualizing the distinct climatic and demographic challenges in the cities in the MENA region. It then shows how incorporating NbS into urban planning might address several environmental issues, promote sustainable development, and enhance the quality of life in the region’s expanding cities. It then examines different NbS approaches and projects, such as urban green spaces, green roofs, and sustainable water management systems, and their many advantages (e.g., reduced heat island effects, increased biodiver- sity, improved air quality, and so on). Overall, the chapter gives valuable insights into the potential and constraints of harnessing NbS for urban climate resilience in T. Ben Hassen (*) · Y. Hageer Program of Policy, Planning, and Development, Department of International Affairs, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar e-mail: thassen@qu.edu.qa; yasmin.hageer@qu.edu.qa © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024 W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), Handbook of Nature-Based Solutions to Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98067-2_161-1 1