ISSN 19950780, Nanotechnologies in Russia, 2012, Vol. 7, Nos. 9–10, pp. 482–485. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
Original Russian Text © F.F. Orudzhev, F.G. Gasanova, Z.M. Aliev, A.B. Isaev, 2012, published in Rossiiskie Nanotekhnologii, 2012, Vol. 7, Nos. 9–10.
482
INTRODUCTION
Phenol and its compounds are widely used in
industry, but they are one of the most widespread con
taminants of water objects. They can stay in the envi
ronment for a long time owing to their stability and
biological accumulation. In addition, they have highly
toxic carcinogenic properties that cause significant
damage to the environment and pose a threat to
human health and aquatic ecosystems.
Among the currently available methods of purify
ing natural and waste waters from phenol, the most
common are adsorption by activated carbon, chemical
oxidation, biological treatment, etc., each of which
have their limitations and drawbacks [1].
The use of photocatalysis for water purification
from phenol is an alternative to existing methods and
is a rapidly developing field of research in recent years
[2–4]. One special case of the photocatalytic reactions
are the photoelectrocatalitic reactions that occur at
the interface between two conducting phases with
electronic and ionic conductivity. Similarly to electro
chemical reactions, they are accompanied by an elec
tric current passing in the system [5].
The photoelectrocatalitic decomposition of organic
compounds using semiconductors as catalysts has
been used successfully in the decontamination of pol
luted water and air flows. Among the semiconductors
investigated as photocatalysts in this process, TiO
2
stands out due to its high sensitivity, absence of toxic
ity, chemical stability, and commercial availability.
However, due to a rapid recombination between the
photogenerated electrons and holes in photocatalysis,
the efficiency of the process may be low and the prac
tical implementation is very difficult. In this case, the
irradiation of TiO
2
with daylight does not lead to its
excitation, since titanium dioxide is a wide band gap
semiconductor and absorbs light only in the UV range
of the spectrum.
Doping TiO
2
with noble metals is one way to
enhance its photocatalytic activity and enhance the
absorption spectrum of sunlight. In [6–10], the
authors reported on a significant improvement of the
photocatalytic activity in TiO
2
when the surface is
modified using Pt, Au, and Pd metals. An increase in
the quantity of dissolved oxygen in the system leads to
an increase in the rate as well as the photochemical
and photocatalytic oxidation reactions of phenol and
other organic compounds [11, 12].
In this paper we studied the photoelectrocatalitic
oxidation of phenol on the platinumdoped titanium
dioxide nanotubes under the pressure of oxygen [11, 12].
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT
The photoelectrocatalitic oxidation of phenol was
carried out in the following way. The phenol solution
was flooded into the fluoroplastic unit with a volume
of 200 ml (see [13] for more detail) and exposed to
irradiation by natural or UV light, depending on the
photoanode used. We used electrodes made of tita
nium dioxide and platinummodified titanium diox
ide as photoanodes, while the cathode was made of
platinum foil.
We used a mercury lamp as a source of UV light; the
source of natural light was a fluorescent lamp. After
the treatment of the solution within a certain time, we
selected and filtered the probe and determined the
concentration of phenol using a chromatograph
(SE Instruments, Italy).
To prepare a TiO
2
nanotube, a titanium plate was
first mechanically cleaned and then subjected to
chemical polishing in a solution of HF/HNO
3
/H
2
O
(1: 4 : 5) for three minutes. Treated in this way, a tita
nium plate with a surface area of 10.5 cm
2
was sub
jected to electrolysis in the electrolyte solution of
H
3
PO
4
(0.3 M) + HF (0.1 M) at a voltage of 30 V for
Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Phenol
on PlatinumModified TiO
2
Nanotubes
F. F. Orudzhev, F. G. Gasanova, Z. M. Aliev, and A. B. Isaev
Dagestan State University, ul. Gadzhieva 43a, Makhachkala, 367001 Russia
email: faridstkha@mail.ru
Received May 4, 2012; accepted May 16, 2012
Abstract—The influence of oxygen pressure on the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of phenol on TiO
2
/Ti and
PtTiO
2
/Ti photoelectrodes under UV and visible light irradiation is investigated. It is shown that, as the oxy
gen pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa, the rate of the process rises about 1.1 times.
DOI: 10.1134/S1995078012050102