CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 40, 2014
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editor: Renato Del Rosso
Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
ISBN 978-88-95608-31-0; ISSN 2283-9216
Dependence of Sulphurous Odorants Reduction on Loading
Rates in Inoculated Biofilter Columns
Dezhao Liu*
a
, Lise B. Guldberg
b
, Anders Feilberg
a
a
Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
b
SKOV A/S, Department of Research and Development, Hedelund 4, DK-7870 Glyngøre, Denmark
*deli@eng.au.dk
Odour emission from intensive pig production is a major source of local nuisance and sulphur-containing
odorants (e.g. hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol) have been recognized as key odorants. Biological air
filter has emerged as a cost-effective technique to remove odorants from ventilation air. However, low
removal efficiencies for sulphurous odorants have been observed when a large volume of air has been
applied with low concentrations. Recent kinetic studies on full scale biological air filters indicate that the
removal of odorants is related both to mass load and air load of odorants but the dependence of
sulphurous odorants on loading rates are not clear due to the very low and highly varying removal
efficiencies. In the present study, two inoculated biofilter columns were applied to test the dependence of
sulphurous odorants (hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol and dimethylsulfide) removal on air loading rate,
mass loading rate or concentration. Specially designed commercially available ceramic saddles and
cellulose pads were selected as biofilter media for the experimental tests. Whereas the air loading rate
varied from around 10 to 1300 m
3
m
-3
h
-1
, the mass loading rate varied from approximately 10 to 500 mg
m
-3
h
-1
for hydrogen sulphide. Concentration levels varied from around 10 to 3000 ppbv for hydrogen
sulphide, covering the typical concentration range of H
2
S emitted from pig facilities. The results indicated
that the removal of hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol was closely dependent on air loading rate for both
biofilter columns. Whereas the removal of hydrogen sulphide was observed to be also dependent on mass
loading rate and concentration for the ceramic saddles packed biofilter column, the removal efficiency of
H
2
S was independent on mass loading rate or concentration for cellulose packed biofilter column. Further,
significant competition between methanethiol and hydrogen sulphide was observed for the ceramic packed
biofilter column, when the mass load of hydrogen sulphide was increased. On the other hand, no such
competition was observed for the cellulose packed column. Kinetics analysis indicated that both Grau
second-order kinetics and Stover-Kincannon model can generally be applied to describe the degradation
of both hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol in biofilters, except a small deviation observed for
methanethiol, when applied to Stover-Kincannon model.
1. Introduction
Recently global pig production increased rapidly with a 50% increase over the previous 15 years (Best,
2010). Odour emission from the intensive pig production is a major source of local nuisance (Nimmermark,
2004). Thus it is vital to develop efficient odour reduction techniques ensuring low emissions of odorants to
the surroundings. Sulphur-containing odorants (e.g., H
2
S and methanethiol) have been recognized as key
odorants (Feilberg et al., 2010b; Hansen et al., 2012). Biofiltration has emerged as a cost-effective way to
remove odorants from ventilation air (Nicolai and Janni, 2001; Melse and Ogink, 2005; Chen and Hoff,
2009). However, generally low removal efficiencies (RE) for sulphurous odorants (with low concentrations)
have been observed when a large volume of air has been applied with low empty bed residence time
(EBRT < 10 s) (Feilberg et al., 2010a; Hansen et al., 2012). A recent kinetic study on a full-scale
biotrickling filter (packed with structured cellulose pads) indicated that the removal of odorants are both
related to mass load and air load of odorants but the dependence of sulphurous odorants on loading rates
are not clear due to the very low removal efficiencies and large variations of RE except for H
2
S (Liu et al.,
DOI: 10.3303/CET1440034
Please cite this article as: Liu D., Guldberg L.B., Feilberg A., 2014, Dependence of sulphurous odorants reduction on loading rates in
inoculated biofilter columns, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 40, 199-204 DOI: 10.3303/CET1440034
199