IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. PP 01-04 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page The Role and Scope of Translation Studies in the 21 st Century Mr Shivnath Kumar Sharma Research Scholar, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Abstract: Translation Studies is not only an interesting but a challenging job also. It is highly skilful action and profession in the Twenty-first century. Translation Practice is an intercultural activity through languages. In this paper, I intend to explore the role and scope of translation in the globalized world. How translators play a vital role to build a bridge between two different cultures, languages and customs. This paper provides a panorama of the many perspectives in which translation is becoming an essential for us and for interdisciplinary studies. How the future of translation is bright and beautiful? Translation studies, theory of translation and courses on translation are introduced and implemented at University level all over the world. Keywords: translation studies, language, scope, role, nature, and culture of translation I. Introduction Translation Studies is an emerging discipline of research and profession in the Twenty first century. It has emerged and flourished as a new field with a lot of ideas springing from anthropology, philosophy, literature, linguistics, literary studies, lexicology, semiotics, computer science and many other fields. Both written and spoken translations have played a crucial role in the inter-human communication throughout history. The term “translation studies” was coined by the Amsterdam-based American scholar James S. Holmes in his paper “The name and nature of translation studies” , this is considered as a f oundational text for this discipline. (7) The word translation itself derives from a Latin term meaning "to bring or carry across". The Ancient Greek term is 'metaphrasis' ("to speak across") and this gives us the term 'metaphrase' (a "literal or word-for-word translation") - as contrasted with 'paraphrase' ("a saying in other words"). This distinction has laid at the heart of the theory of translation throughout its history: Cicero and Horace employed it in Rome, Dryden continued to use it in the seventeenth century and it still exists today in the discussion around "fidelity versus transparency" or "formal equivalence versus dynamic equivalence". (6)The first known translations are those of the Sumerian epic Gilgamesh into Asian languages from the second millennium BC. In India, later Budhist monks translated Indian sutras into Chinese and Roman poets and adapted Greek texts. The Bible II. The Nature Of Translation: The scope of translation is a bright and beautiful in the coming years because it is the only medium through different people come to know different works. Today many people think that anyone who knows more than one language can become a translator or interpreter. But it is only a half-truth because a good translator must have good background knowledge of both languages, subject knowledge, social and cultural competence and apart from it he/ she need advanced language skills for the medium of communication.BasudebChakraborty says that a good translation shows “a spontaneous and creative process of journey of a theme and a meta theme from one linguistic framework to another”. Translation is a production process of conveying meaning and information underlying in the source language into target language with the help of linguistic and cultural convenience.“The fact that we are able to produce equivalent in English for every word does not mean that we can give an adequate translation of the text. Translation implies that we have capacity to enter into the mind, the world, and the culture of the speakers or writers and we can express their thought in a manner that is not only parallel to the original, but also acceptable to the target language”. (A. Duff. 5). We need to be faithful and loyal to the original text while act of translation and it is necessary to focus more on ideas and concepts than its surface meaning of the text. The work of translation requires the theoretical knowledge and understanding of source text and translators bound to make compact relationship between two different domains of knowledge. III. Indian Perspectives: Medieval Examples India, a country of unity in diversity with multilingual and multicultural aspects has an aged old history where translation has been worked for a long time and still continues to play a pivotal role. It is very pertinent to talk about Indian perspectives on the translation of classic literature. Indian translation had not in limelight till the 19 th Century. Throughout the middle ages, translation of Sanskrit‟s classic like the epics and puranas continued to be retold, adapted, subverted and translated without proper consideration about the formal equivalence. For instance, Kambana Tamil translator, took all freedom while translating Valmiki‟sRamayana