Original scientific paper Mitsutoshi lnaba Tokyo,Japan UDK: 37.014 (497.6) "187811918" MICRO-LEVEL SHIFT IN EDUCATIONAL "REGIME OF PRACTICES" UNDER HABSBURG MONARCHY: HISTORICAL AND PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LUKA KARAMAN'S WORK SCHOOL BENCH Abstract: Eyes, exactly speak:ing the vision was the most important subject of pedagogical texts in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1878 to 1918. We that two factors influenced it. Firstly, they recom- mended visual education (Zoma obuka) as right way to educate the charactel", according to which our the knowledge the all-sided observance of everyt hing around us. Secondly, held that the vision is of various factors for· the loyalty to Habsburg monarchy, for example, through people's participation on Emperor Franz Joseph's visit to Bosnia and in 1910 as its It is we ll -known that tl1 e visual representation was important to create loyal, pious, nation- al character etc. Nevertheless, the scholarsl1ip l1 as not analysed how the vision itself was understood in Bosnia and Herzegovina at that time. In this paper we investigate what kind of image of "o bserver" was re/produced means of discourse on vision. As starting point we analyze book School bench ofLuka Karaman {191 that firstly discussed the scbool benches and myopia in the visual way. Besides it, we the texts in Bosnian and Croatian pedagogical periodicals and monographs that discuss vision, especially myo- pia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina in the twentieth the concept of cost effectiveness became in creas ingly prevalent in the ed- sp l1ere, depending on the progress of mechan ization in so- ciety. We that the vision in tl1is context was con- as an rational approac\1 to the nerves. Further- L110J·e, psychosomatic activities encompassed tlle energy circulatory Historical Searches 1 HistorUska traganja 35